Electrical and Electronics

Network Interface Module (NIM) is a front-end receiver block, which interfaces incoming signals from outside world in to the High Definition (HD) Radio Frequency (RF) receivers. In most of the cases, NIM receives only one type of signal and down converts RF in to Intermediate Frequency (IF). In modern receivers there could be a separate block for this signal interface or there could be single silicon which acts as network interface module, Tuner and demodulator. Introduction of modularity concept in the front-end block of receivers will helps to enhance the performance of the receivers as and when required.

In this paper, a new algorithm for noise suppression schemes is applied to specific practical problem mainly the suppression of Binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) level of the modulated signal. This is a practical situation of modulation which is used in different transceivers schemes such as in Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) or other types of modulation techniques with standard microwave systems. The algorithm is well suited for a modular software radio concept, which we believe, will be more accepted in the future of wireless communication. Further modifications of the scheme necessary for these applications are described, and the results are presented to illustrate performance improvements. A general interpretation of this technique based on multiplying the transmitted data vectors by a generated amplitude matrix (AM) in the transmitter side, and the inverse of amplitude matrix (IAM) in the receiver side algorithm are introduced and discussed. The suggested scheme results are compared with the conventional modem through using BPSK type of modulation. Different gains are obtained from the proposed model relevant with the conventional system in AWGN and flat fading channel, according to the variation of the adjusted parameters.

This paper presents a new approach to differential protection for power transformer by using ANFIS approach. The proposed method was trained and tested with data obtained from PSCAD simulation of a power system under different operating conditions. The simulation results show that this algorithm is very good to recognize the various fault types in power transformers. Using the ANFIS approach, the accuracy and speed of operation of flux-current differential relaying scheme is significantly improved while compared with conventional current differential relaying scheme. The proposed method has an outstanding advantage that it can eliminate the load tap changer error meanwhile in operation and there by sensitivity of the relay is improved.

Indoor cellular network signal outages and poor reception occur in some indoor locations, as a result of building penetration loss; which accounts for increased attenuation of received signal strength of a cellular network signal when a mobile is moved from outdoor to indoor. Penetration loss is influenced by the type of building materials used in building construction and the building structure/orientation. In this study, the effect of building materials and structures on cellular network signal strength was investigated. A Sony Ericson mobile unit with TEMS software installed in it was used to collect data from two major cellular network service providers in Nigeria. The measurements were carried out outside and inside of four different of buildings types, namely; tiled building with concrete tiled roof, concrete building with corrugated galvanized roof, mud building with rusted corrugated roof and wooden building with rusted corrugated roof in order to ascertain the penetration loss in the selected buildings in Otuoke community of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The results reviewed that the average penetration loss for the tilled, concrete, mud and the wooden buildings are 13.0 dBm, 10.8 dBm, 9.57 dBm and 8.72 dBm respectively. It was observed that the tiled building with concrete tiled roof has the highest penetration loss in all the months considered, followed by the concrete wall building with corrugated galvanized iron roof, while the wooden wall building with rusted corrugated roof was having the lowest penetration loss. Information from this research will assist cellular network service providers in planning and management of their cellular networks signals in suburban environments having similar building types and pattern. This study will also be helpful to researchers and builders in their selection of building materials especially if good cellular network signal reception is significant.

This paper is based on a real time embedded system using ARM7 processor LPC2138 to build a system that helps in achieving remote monitoring of patient's physiological parameters such as Body Temperature, Pulse Rate, Oxygen Saturation in blood and Electronic Cardiogram. If any of the patient's parameters go out of the optimum limits of the human body then an alert SMS is sent to the doctor using a GSM interface and the buzzer is activated on the patient's side to alert the patient's caretaker. The system comprises of low cost transducers for acquiring the parameters and uses MATLAB software to build the GUI for displaying the ECG of the patient on a computer. This system eases the need to keep a patient requiring continuous monitoring at the hospital. The monitoring is achieved by allowing the patient to stay at home.

This paper presents a method for achieving line loss minimization and voltage regulation in the given power system. In order to achieve these two objectives simultaneously, the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is used. UPFC can be used for load voltage regulation and total active power loss minimization in electric power systems at the same time. In this paper, the injection model of UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) is used to investigate its effects on bus voltages and loss reduction in a power system.

Present medical science very much depends on the medical images and medical imaging technology like MRI, CT, US, etc. Doctors are using these medical images for the anatomical structure study and for the treatment planning. But generally medical images are complex and noisy. This paper discuss about the segmentation and pre-processing which reduce the complexity of medical image analysis and eliminate noise and unwanted region without any loss of important information in the image. Region growing segmentation is considered for the segmentation and compared the performance with pre-processing.

This paper describes the sensor nodes and its hardware constraints. This paper throws light over the energy issues of the sensor nodes while transmitting and receiving data over the distances and effects of attenuation due to several environmental parameters. This paper also gives the comparative analysis of received power at different heights of transmitter antenna.

In wireless sensor network Localisation is described as a crucial service and energy demanding process in sensor network. GPS-equipped node where used for localisation process, in order to reduce the cost and increase the life time of the network, the mobile beacon localization is considered to eliminate GPS nodes. A localization error control scheme, namely "Spider Web", based on which the mobile beacon trajectories along a predefined spider web intersection path. The accuracy of the localization of nodes, time consumption of mobile beacon is efficient and localization error ratio is controlled. Based on the results, the spider web algorithm is efficient in localization accuracy and time, energy, consumption of mobile beacon, throughput and packet delivery ratio than Z-power algorithm.

The present age of information explosion is envisaging incredible development in both communication medium and hardware escalation. This, in turn is engendering a huge volume of digital signals in the form of images, videos, audio, and texts, which proves to be challenging in terms of storage and broadcast. Even though several breakthroughs in the price and performance of digital hardware and firmware have been put into practice, the demand for high data storage capacity and data-transmission bandwidth continues to outstrip the capabilities of available technologies. This research work proposes a novel method of classifying Natural images into different categories. From the results, it is concluded that classification of Natural images on the basis of various parameters can provide a better reference for application developers and will prove as boon to Digital India project in terms of search engine application.