Finance

It is very hard job to understand the customer’s psychology and very challenging to measure the satisfaction level of the consumers. This study in reference to the customer satisfaction regarding Interest free banking system in Pakistan will give an insight into the various factors of customer satisfaction such as quality products and services, customer relationship and economic benefits to clients. Though some deviation was found in satisfaction level of customers related to services and products offered by Interest free banks in Pakistan but insufficient knowledge about Interest free banking system is the major weakness at the end of customers. Purpose of this conceptual study is to review the different angels of customers’ satisfaction and depict the various features of Interest (Riba) free banking system to satisfy and retain the existing customers as well as develop future prospective marketing strategies including expansion of innovative and diversified products and services to establish new clientage market.

This research explains the steps and the benefits of implementing Activity Based Costing (ABC) in Iranian Gas Company. Using ABC, cost of one cub meter of consuming gas in all regions of capital was determined and compared with the results of the Traditional Costing Systems (TCS). Implementing ABC strongly changed company managers’ prospective toward company cost of services, provided more effective system for company internal decision-making, improved the effectiveness of the costing system and cost management and helped the managers to correct company pricing of services and accomplishment of the strategic goals by giving correct cost information.

This paper explains the process of measuring and analyzing Bank’s total productivity (BTP) and the productivity changes in bank branches using Slack Based Measure (SBM) of DEA and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI). in Export Development Bank of Iran (EDBI). For this purpose, we have measured and analyzed the productivity growth in EDBI branches using MPI in the period of 2000-2011. The trend of efficiency scores’ moving averages confirms improvement in BTP over the period of study. Moreover, the results show %1 and %2 on average improvement in the productivity of EDBI branches in period 2000 and 2011, respectively.

In this research toward optimizing resource allocation, an innovative learning algorithm will used to select and optimize portfolio in Tehran Stock Exchange. A new method was proposed based on the combination of ICA (Imperial Competitive Algorithm) and GA (Genetic Algorithm) which improves the convergence speed and accuracy of the optimization results.. The obtained results show that compared with the previous method, the proposed algorithms are at least 32% faster in optimization processes; also the variance convergence speed is smaller than the ICA and GA.

This paper examines accounting and accountability issues relating to Australian rules country football clubs within the state of Victoria. Football clubs are part of the largely unaccountable not for profit (NFP) sector in Australia. As there has been a lack of research on country football clubs, this paper explores the myriad of financial information that is produced by both junior and senior clubs in the state of Victoria. The result of this survey has found consistency in the production of some accounting reports by club type, but also variability in regularity and usefulness.

Purpose of the paper is to examine the presence of market anomalies and how stock prices are affected due to market anomalies which may affect investors’ returns. It is a conceptual paper and it will definitely helpful to know how market anomalies affect the concept of efficient market hypothesis and importance of anomalies for the investors while decision making. In literature there are contradictory views for negative Monday anomaly and Positive January anomaly and this paper put the attention of investors on the factors that cause financial anomalies. It is proposed that we can find more accurate results about negative Monday anomaly and Positive January anomaly if different sectors of the economy will be observed separately.

Ratios are the basic tool for analyzing the financial statements; it also plays a vital role in evaluating the performance of the company. There are several important ratios used to judge the company’s performance. Further more Financial statement analysis has also should be the part of the fundamental analysis required for equity valuation. But the analysis has typically been ad hoc. The work on this topic not only identifies the relevant ratios but also gives a way organizing analysis the task. Relying on recent research on accounting based information; this paper ventures a financial statement analysis for use in equity valuation in general and all other significant ratios in particular. An analysis of financing activities is different from the analysis of operating activities. Research is identifying current ratios as predictors of the future ratios that determine equity payoffs. The financial statement analysis enable us to identify the trend either upward or downward the performance of the company. To provide historical benchmarks for forecasting, typical values for ratios are documented for the period 2008–2012. The purpose of this study is to facilitate the investor. The reason for choosing the FCCL (Fauji Cement Company Limited) is that the company is well reputed, making adequate profit, focusing on the share’s holder wealth and in the better financial position.

The main purpose of investors from investing in the stock of companies is “wealth increase” which this is achieved through "stock return". Stock return is one of the most important factors in choosing the best investment. Therefore, each investor in their best choice, in order to be able to achieve stock with more efficiently and less risk, need information about that stock. This study investigated the correlation coefficient P / E as a measure of performance evaluation index companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange in the automotive and construction segments Tobin Q is the current version. The study Listed Companies the Tehran Stock Exchange There are parts in the automotive industry. The population size was 33 companies Among the 24 companies in deletion (Census sampling) have been selected. Hypotheses have been proposed, using multiple linear regression method and Pearson correlation test were the results of the three hypotheses indicate that the ratio P / E and versions of conventional Q Tobin (Qs, Q-LR and CP-Q) in the automotive industry during 2001 to 2004 there was no correlation of construction components.

Unit root tests used to examine non stationarity in a series at times give misleading results if possible structural breaks in the series are ignored. This study examined the presence of unit root in REER in India in the presence of structural breaks in the post reform period by using recent endogenous structural break unit root test. The results of the study reveal that there is no unit root in REER implying that it follows mean reversion.

The banking industry has undergone a sea change after the first phase of economic liberalization in 1991 and hence credit management. While the primary function of banks is to lend funds as loans to various sectors such as agriculture, industry, personal loans, housing loans etc., in recent times the banks have become very cautious in extending loans. The reason being mounting non-performing assets (NPAs). NPA account not only reduces profitability of banks by provisioning in the profit and loss account, but their carrying cost is also increased which results in excess & avoidable management attention. Apart from this, a high level of NPA also puts strain on a banks net worth because banks are under pressure to maintain a desired level of Capital Adequacy and in the absence of comfortable to assess the health of various categories of loan assets in various categories of banks.