Archives-October 2014

Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) thin films supported on glass substrates have been fabricated by employing Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP) technique. Precursor solution for the spraying was prepared by placing NH4F and SnCl2.2H2O at a weight ratio of 1 to 9 in a solution of acetic acid ? and distilled water. Three films of different thicknesses were prepared corresponding to spray times of 10, 20, and 30 minutes, resulting in 13, 22, and 45 nm thick films. The optical, structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the fabricated films have been investigated. X-ray diffraction studies revealed a polycrystalline fluorine-tin oxide phase with monoclinic crystalline structure, predominantly with (201), (130), (222), and (510) oriented films. The measured sheet resistances of the films were 38 ?/cm, 150 ?/cm, and 300 ?/cm and the highest measured optical transmittance in the visible range were 87.4%, 70% , and 36% respectively.

A new series of Cr(III) and Fe(III) complexes with the Flavone ligand were studied on the growth of Hep-2 (Human hepatocellular ademocarcinoma ),which is the human larynx cancer cell Line by using in vitro system and compared with anticancer drug cisplatin (cis-pt) as appositive control. The cancer cells were treated with different concentration and cis-pt after 72 hr. exposure time. The cytotoxic activity was tested by inhibition rate as parameter. The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) for each three treatments when the inhibition rates were increased. The synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity by cup plate diffusion method. The results indicate the enhanced activity of metal complexes over the parent ligands.

In year 2012 the dramatic issue of diplomatic asylum has brought it opposed to the sovereignty. First, grant of asylum to the blind Chinese civil rights activist Chen Guangcheng by United States in April 2012 in the United States embassy in Beijing. Thereafter Chen Guangcheng and his family were issued US visa and then they flown to the United States, albeit under protest from the Chinese government. Secondly, in June 2012 Wikileaks founder Julian Assange was granted asylum by the Ecuador in its embassy in London albeit under protest from the UK government. Assange was to extradite by the UK Government to Sweden where he was facing charges of sexual assault. The UK Government warned the Ecuador to decline this diplomatic asylum otherwise they will terminate the status of Ecuador’s embassy in London. These two incidents have necessitated to regulate the grounds, conditions and extend to grant the diplomatic asylum so that it may not run counter to the sovereignty as well as it may not be misused as shelter of fugitives and criminals or oust them from the reach of judicial system. Further, till date there is no international law on the diplomatic asylum to adequately deal with these situations. It has insisted the author to do analytical research deploying doctrinal research methodology applying null hypothesis that there is no such international law which may provide solution on diplomatic asylum particularly when it run counter to the sovereignty. In section 1 diplomatic asylum has been defined, section 2 traces the growth and recognition of diplomatic asylum, section 3 puts light on the legal basis of asylum, section 4 deals the concurrent international law on diplomatic asylum, section 5 is the grey area of diplomatic asylum and section 6 is the summation.

The photoluminescence properties of Eu2+ doped BaB2O4 prepared by novel solution combustion synthesis technique are investigated. The structure of the prepared sample characterized by TG-DTA, XRD and FTIR. Surface morphological study was done using SEM images. BaB2O4:Eu2+ gives strong emission at 380 nm (UV-A region), upon excitation with 322 nm light. The concentration of Eu2+ (relative to Ba) in BaB2O4 for which the quenching occur was found to be about 6 mol%, and the critical transfer distance for this concentration was calculated to be 14.56 Å. This phosphor may provide an efficient kind of luminescent material for various applications in medical & industry.

In cloud storage, the server that stores the client’s data is not trusted. Users would like to check if their data has been tampered or deleted. Provable data possession is used for security by read the file for hash and later specifies its location to verify by applying message digest algorithm which results in generating hash code. Generated hash code is compare with the other hash code generated on different storage. Results showed that precompressed data’s that is the data which is designed by the precompressed technique has their difference in message digest present at local connection side and secure connection side at both secure and insecure server.

The purpose of this paper is to share the findings on the typical problems facing the heritage or old buildings in term of the problem of building leakage scenario in Malaysia. From the problem finding, the paper tabulate a list of potential solutions best practiced by the local waterproofing implementer. It is important for the reader to take advantage on the information of the extensive list of the real case studies pertaining to the building leakage syndrome typically happened for heritage structure in this hot and humid tropical climate. The good thing about this paper is that all the case studies are derived from the real selected projects done by the associated building maintenance contractor for the last 20 years. By identifying the possible factors that cause the leakage, one can take early steps to prevent the same defects form repeating thus saves a lot of money. From the finding analysis, this paper also giving the formulation ideas that can be use for creating a framework to prevent or minimize the building leakage syndrome from happening again. As the old buildings or the buildings that old enough to be considered worth to keep are becoming more valuable to either the central Government or the local council; the analysis from this paper may give some meaningful tabulation on how to maintain these heritage buildings from leakage especially from the roof seepage thus make the property much more valuable to the owner and may give profit to the locality as well.

Heavy metals on fly ash surface has tendency to leach and contaminate the ground water, which will affect the human by entering food chain. Present study has been carried out to assess the ground water contamination in the surrounding villages closer to two thermal power plants in Delhi, India. Ground water samples from different location within the 2 Km radius of both thermal power plants were collected and analyzed for heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb). This study indicates that the bore well and pond water within the study area is contaminated with higher concentration level of these heavy metals. The concentrations of these selected heavy metals are crossing the prescribed standard of drinking water quality in India. Supernatant of ash ponds contain heavy metals, needs remediation before discharging into the environment.

The rise of insecurity in the urban area, more so in rural areas has seen the gap created by the Kenya’s police service in dealing with the increasing levels of insecurity. The inclusion of the private security agencies has seen this gap filled. However, the gaps created between the two agencies include; the lack of intelligence and information sharing, mistrust and misinformation, lack of resources and structures that affect community policing efforts.This paper recommends proper formulation of mechanisms and structures to counter crime.

Tropical forests are more diverse than the other terrestrial ecosystems by possessing greater number of life forms. It is widely accepted that the identification and prioritization of important centers of biodiversity are necessary at both the national and the global scale for conservation action. Indian subcontinent, with diverse bio-climatic regions supports one of the richest flora and fauna. The increased human pressure and consequent effects on the landform and land use changes has a profound effect on the present vegetation and the biodiversity. The present study is one of the important parts of Gangetic plains whose flora is unique to India because of the tropical drier and occasionally humid climate, it provides the information on the present status of biodiversity of the forests of Dalma in Jharkhand state through analyses of phyto-sociology and remote sensing data, as to their structure and compositional variations correlated with topography, fragmentation and threats operating, which may be useful for planning and monitoring sustainable management of forests and conservation of biodiversity. The objective of the present study is to present initial information of vegetation through the application of RS and GIS techniques along with a phytosociological analysis of the forests for their diversity and it’s based on three major approaches i.e. Remote Sensing, GIS and Ecology.

The nutritional value of the reproductive (alates) and non reproductive (workers/soldiers) termites (Macrotermesbellicosus) were evaluated. The result showed that the non-reproductive termites contain moisture (6.62±0.12mg), crude ash (11.35± 0.01mg), crude fat (13.00± 0.14mg), crude protein (14.58±0.15mg), carbohydrate (462.9 ± 0.01cal)and caloric value (362.48±0,01Kcal), vitamin A (16.30±0.11mg), vitamin C(26.00± 0.13). The mineral element concentration in mg/100g in the non reproductive termites were 22.02±0.01, 14.32±0.03, 6.55±0.03, 13.64±0.02, 4.2± 0.02, 2.08 ± 0.03, 7.16±0.01, 5.35±0.02, 21.40±0.01 and 9.12 ±0.11 for Ca, Mg, Na, K, P,Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe and I2 respectively. The antinutrients content in the non- reproductive termite were HCN; 1.93±0.01mg, phytate; 2.80±0.02mg, Tannins; 2.50±0.03mg, Alkaloids; 1.58±0.02mg and; Saponins; 0.20±0.02mg. Comparatively, the results of this study, show that the reproductive termites contain lesser concentration of toxicants but higher proximate, vitamins and mineral compositions than the non reproductive termites. Hence the reproductive termite (alates) has a higher nutritional value than the non reproductive (soldiers/workers) termites.