Archives-October 2013

Due to the rapid development of internet, perfect copy and illegal use of digital data becomes easy, which enforces the newer mechanism to provide means of protecting all forms of digital data. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel approach of protecting the ownership rights and resolving the dispute of unauthorized addition of second watermark on already watermarked data by the use of watermark authentication server (WAS). Watermark authentication server serves as a trusted third party and solves the problem of deadlock in watermarking.

The rapid growth in the energy consumption at individual level has given rise to a dramatic increase in both air and water pollution problems. The automobile is probably the most notorious source of atmospheric air pollution on a total mass basis. Under the Indian Conditions two and four wheelers have become the most popular mode of transport. In the present work catalytic converter was chosen for SI engine emission control, to reduce CO, HC and NOx emission. A catalytic converter has to be designed and introduced in the exhaust line of the SI engine. In the present work Maruthi omni engine is chosen for emission control study using an electrically heated catalytic converter. The objective of the electrically heated catalytic converter is to reduce the cold start emission of CO, HC and NOx in the exhaust gas of the engine. The catalytic converter is made of stainless steel plate. The plate is coated with copper, Nickel and Chromium catalytic materials. These emission levels will be measured using the AVL exhaust gas analyzer and the results will be analyzed.

Labour welfare has a special significance as the constitution provides for the promotion of welfare of the labour for human conditions of work and securing to all workers. The various welfare measures provided by the employee will have immediate impact on the health, physical and mental efficiency, alertness, morale and overall efficiency of the workers and thereby contributing to the highest productivity. Labour welfare means activities designed for the promotion of the economic, social and cultural well being of the employees. Welfare measures improve the physical and physiological health of the employees, which in turn enhance their efficiency and productivity. It promotes a real change of heart and a change of outlook of the part of both the employers and employees. Hence, this study was undertaken in order to measure the Labour Welfare provided in Kothari Sugars and Chemical Limited, Trichy. In order to measure the Labour Welfare a Structured Questionnaire was prepared and distributed among the Labours working in that Industry. The data collected were further analysed by using various tools like Percentage and Chi-Square Test.

Silk fibroin (SF), a naturally occurring protein polymer, has several unique properties such as biocompatible, slowly biodegradable, minimal inflammatory reaction and endowed with excellent mechanical properties and process ability. The silk blended scaffolds were prepared by using SF as vehicle with dextrin and other healing agent of honey and Epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) is used as drug releasing model. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of prepared scaffolds for process versatility and the highly specific surface area. The structure was studied by Fourier transform infrared. The samples, treated at different concentration of honey and EGF, are analysed to investigate the growth inhibition effect of bacterial growth. These data showed the potential application of silk based scaffolds along with honey and rhEGF is intended to provide improved environments for zone of incubation when compared with normal scaffolds without rhEGF. Next the wound pus samples were collected from different diabetic patients and they were tested for antimicrobial test. Silk scaffolds had shown a promising natural product with healing for wound treatment. Processing silk scaffolds with honey and EGF offers a very attractive opportunity for producing a variety of medical products with great potential for bio medical end uses due to its superior biocompatibility of Silk. This prepared silk fibre based protein scaffold would be better in healing of diabetic wound healing as a very widespread model.

Education is vital for sustainable economic development and empowerment of people. Subsequently, the role of education especially for the emancipation of the poor and marginalized cannot be underscored. Realizing this fact, the Government of Kenya has invested immensely in education by providing free primary and free tuition in secondary education. Public university education is also subsidized. Despite these initiatives, investment in basic education in Kenya represents a largely unequal distribution of resources. The most deprived area is North Eastern province of Kenya partly due to its arid and semi-arid nature that make development a theoretical and a practical challenge. This paper applies human capital theory and human rights theory to advocate and promote education for all especially for children of pastoralist communities in Kenya. By applying the human capital theory, the paper argues that the rate of returns to education, both private and social, justify a greater investment in educational initiatives in North Eastern province. The argument is supplemented by the human rights theory that argues that even if there would be no significant returns to education in arid areas, the Government has an obligation to ensure that all children, regardless of their socio-economic and political context, attain quality education as a human right that has to be respected.

This paper investigates the affect of international trade and global economy through foreign direct investment. Foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade are often seen as important catalysts for economic growth in the developing countries. FDI is an important vehicle of technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. FDI also stimulates domestic investment and facilitates improvements in human capital and institutions in the host countries. International trade is also known to be an instrument of economic growth. Global foreign direct investment (FDI) trends are likely to modify during the period 2004-2007. FDI has promoted to effective economic growth in a number of developing countries and the role of the foreign direct investment in this field has been extensively known in China and India, the world’s two most populous growing economics have been using FDI as a stimulus in the growth process. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an integral part of an open and effective international economic system and a major catalyst to development. The growing role of foreign direct investment and multinational corporations (MNCs) in developing countries in the age of globalization is rarely disputed. The nature of the impact of FDI on the growth and development of the Third World, however, is a controversial topic in contemporary international relations and economic development theory. Historically, developing countries heavily depended on the economies of the industrialized world for their own economic survival. During the past two decades, however, the world economy has increasingly "globalized" through the liberalization of world trade and capital markets, the growing internationalization of corporate production and distribution, and the destruction of barriers to the trade of goods and services through technological advances. Meanwhile, the world’s developing countries are now more important, and influential, actors in international trade and the global market.

A groupoid is medial if it satis_es the identity wx • yz = wy • xz. A groupoid is trimedial if every subgroupoid generated by 3 elements is medial. Medial groupoids and quasigroups have also been called abelian, entropic, and other names, while trimedial quasigroups have also been called triabelian, terentropic, etc. (See [5], especially p. 120, for further background). The notion of variety of algebras having the property (k, n) was given in [6] and equationally defined classes of cancellative groupoids having the property (2, 4) and (2, 5) were considered there. This notion was qeneralized in [7], where it was shown that the condition of the cancellativity is superfluous, that is, any variety of groupoids with the property (2, n) is a variety of quasigroups. Let k and n be two positive integers and k n. An algebra A is said to have the property (k, n) if every subalgebra of A generated by k distinct elements has exactly n elements. We also say that A is a (k, n)-algebra. A class K of algebras is said to be a (k, n)-class if every algebra in K is a (k, n)-algebra. A variety is called a (k, n)-variety if it is a (k, n)-class of algebras. Trivially, the variety of Steiner quasigroups (xx = x, xy = yx, x•xy = y) is a (2, 3)-variety. It is the unique variety of groupoids with the stated property, and the same holds for the (2, 4)-variety (x•xy = yx, xy•yx = x) given by Padmanabhan in [6]. He has also constructed two (2, 5)-varieties. One of them is commutative (xy = yx, x(y•xy) = y, x(x•xy) = y•xy), while the other one (x•xy = y, xy•y = yx) consists of anticommutative quasigroups. It is an verify the existence of (2, n)-varieties for n?10

Trying to explain the principles of management, with the help of the different approaches is done by scholars in seminary and university. Approaches such as: fundamentalism, religious, legal, exegetical, historical, governmental method of the Prophet (pbuh) and Imam Ali (AS). Undoubtedly, each of these approaches is directly applicable at all or at least some managerial areas such as general manager duties, specific duties of directors, influence of principles and assumptions, managerial qualities and characteristics, management philosophy, management techniques, theory and management, etc. “Management control is the major component. Control and monitoring is the assessment of decisions and programs since its implementation and necessary proceedings to prevent the diversion of program operations and correct the possible caused deviations.” (Jasbi, 274:1991)In this paper, an approach to the study of organizational control principles based on the effective mechanisms in order to explain the control and surveillance sources and devices in Islam have been reviewed. In addition, competition and regulatory role of Raghib and ATid, prophets and saints, angels, testimonies of members and organs of the human soul, approximately, enjoined and prohibited from denying public and self-control, especially as the top element of organizational life, and discuss focus is placed. Furthermore, the role of prophets and saints, angels, testimonies of members and organs of the human soul, public enjoined and prohibited from denying and self-control, especially as the superior and effective element of organizational life, will be discussed and explored.

Basically a society cannot be silent towards a crime which threatens its entity but, instead it should apply all its efforts in order to challenge control and campaign any criminal behaviour so as to achieve individual and social order. Such issue, for sure, will require targeted and proactive planning and policy making, since one cannot arbitrarily fight against social anomalies. How should we proceed with such planning and policy making? What programs one must follow to contain these wrong doings? Who will administer and carry out such Tasks? The answers for these questions are given in the meaning of the criminal policy. barristers have different meanings for this term . Still one cannot find a cut and dried answer for it since they are ambiguous. When we study the development process of this term as from the beginning we will find out that such policy starts from narrowly defined concept and ends to an absolute broad sense .In each of these processes one should observe such behaviors which destroy social norms. These behavior starts from attempting a crime and ends with committing or consummation a criminal wrongdoing. Agents and administrator charged with controlling and containing anti – social behaviours start with government– oriented attitude and ends to society – oriented tasks. Finally they include words such as preventing from criminal offense and advising the wrongdoers. In This article we will try to study such term in all aspects.

Nowadays, in addition to human, economic and physical capital, social capital is another name that has been considered in economic and social surveys. Social capital like concepts such as physical and human capital (the tools and trainings that enhance individual productivity), refers to the social organization features such as networks, norms and trust which facilitate the coordination and cooperation to achieve mutual benefit. The purpose of this study is to predict students' social capital based on sociological variables. Therefore, in this study we sought to answer the question, what is the relationship between sociological variables and social capital? Methodology in the present research is surveys and data collection is questionnaire and a sample of 400 young people from rural areas Shiraz city have been studied by using multi-stage sampling method. The findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between variables such as urban areas, use of mass media, social-economic base, gender, marital status with social capital of young people.