Archives-November 2015

Heavy metals found in municipal wastewater can cause many problems for human hygiene and environment. So that it should be decontaminated from heavy metals before being used in irrigation. Many materials such as shall, alginate and iron oxide were used to remove heavy metals (Pb and Cd) from municipal wastewater. The results showed that, shall had the highest efficiency than the other materials in removing Pb and Cd from polluted water. Artificial polluted water was prepared by diluting stock solution of Pb and Cd of concentration of 1000 mg/l using distilled water. The prepared Pb and Cd polluted solutions had concentrations of 5, 10 and 50 mg/l. The remedy agents were added to polluted water at ratios of 1:100, 1:1000 and 1:10000. The solutions were gently agitated to equilibrium periods of 2, 6, 12 and 24hr. Generally, the efficiency of remedy agents to remove heavy metals increased as the addition ratio increased. Percentages of Pb removed by mudstone at addition ratio of 1:1000 were 86 and 32.8% for 10 and 50 mg Pb/l, respectively, in a reaction period of 2 hrs. Regarding Cd, the removal % was 84 and 66.4 for 5 and 50 mg Cd/l, respectively, in 2 hrs. On the other hand, the Percentage of Pb removed by iron oxide and alginate were as low as 0 and 30 %, respectively. Generally for all treatments, the removal efficiency decreased as heavy metal concentration in polluted water increased. Shall was the most effective material in decontamination of heavy metals polluted water and it could be recommended to be used to decontaminate wastewater.

In this paper we present vehicle density estimation, vehicle classification and stopped vehicle detection system for outdoor traffic surveillance is presented. It is important to know the road traffic density in predefined traffic videos especially in mega cities for signal control and effective traffic management. In recent years, video monitoring and surveillance systems have been widely used in traffic surveillance system. Hence, traffic density estimation and vehicle classification can be achieved using video monitoring systems. In vehicle detection methods for several review of literature, only the detection of vehicles in frames of the given video. The stopped vehicle detection is based on the pixel history. This methodology has proved to be quite robust in terms of different weather conditions, lighting and image quality. Some experiments carried out on some highway scenarios demonstrate the robustness of the proposed solution.

Essbase is multidimensional database software that is optimized for planning, analysis, and management-reporting applications. Essbase uniquely blends an innovative technical design with an open, client-server architecture. The product enables you to extend decision support systems beyond ad hoc queries and reports on historical performance to dynamic, operational systems that combine historical analysis and future planning .Oracle Hyperion Essbase is the industry-leading multi-dimensional online analytical processing server, providing a rich environment for effectively developing custom analytic and enterprise performance management applications. By leveraging its self-managed, rapid application development capabilities, business users can quickly model complex business scenarios. In this paper we see how Oracle Hyperion Essbase supports extremely fast query response times for vast numbers of users, large data sets, and complex business models.

Present research was carried out to examine the extent of teachers’ awareness and utilization of innovative teaching strategies in private and public sector secondary schools, it further aimed to identify differences in the responses to teachers across teaching experience and professional background. A random sample of 100 secondary schools teachers were collected from various private and public sector schools of Islamabad. In this study 16 selected teaching strategies used to analyze teachers awareness and its utilization in classroom settings. For the measurement of research objective a questionnaire comprised of two section was develop, section 1 was based on awareness of innovative teaching strategies (32 items) and part 2 based on the utilization of innovative teaching strategies (16, items). Result reveled that level of teachers’ awareness and utilization of innovative strategies was high in the private sector schools as compared to the public sector schools, moreover teachers with more work experience and professional qualifications are aware with innovative teaching methodologies.

Present study was designed to explore the habits profile of university students. Six habits were selected as effective for the students at university such as, Balance, Time management, Optimism, Team work, Understanding and Organization. A random sample of 148 students was collected from various universities of Islamabad among them 66 were males and 82 were females, their age ranged from 20 to 28 years and their family income level ranged from 25000 to 100000. The findings of the study revealed that the most common habits exhibited by the university students are Balance, Organization and Optimism. University students need to learn how to practice habits of Understanding, Teamwork and Time Management. No gender difference was found in practicing the habit of Balance, Time management and optimism, however male university students score higher on Understanding and Organization as compared to female students. Younger students are more Balance and Organized as compared to the older students, on the other hand older students have the habit of Optimism and understanding as compared to younger ones.

Ad-hoc networks, due to their improvised nature, are frequently established insecure environments, which makes them susceptible to attacks. These attacks are launched by participating malicious nodes against different network services. Routing protocols, which act as the binding force in these networks, are a common target of these nodes. On Demand Route Routing Protocol (ODRRP) is a Broadcast Reply network routing protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). Black hole attack is one of the severe security threats in ad-hoc networks which can be easily employed by exploiting vulnerability of on-demand routing protocols such as ODRRP. In this paper we proposed a solution for identifying the malicious node in ODRRP protocol suffering from black hole attack.

Taxes as a reliable revenue source have always been taken in to consideration by governments. Tax imposition creates many disorders in economics but "green taxes" do not have such quality. Since the green tax is applied based on the cost and expense, they have a large scope and bring about good income for the government. Therefore, they can be replaced to other tax bases. On one hand, it reduces the effect of creating disorder by the other taxes; on the other hand, it increases the benefits of the society because of the reduction of the pollution. In this study, the effect of the green tax along with other influential variables on environment such as the index related to technology and GDP per capita, Population and degree of trade freedom on the amount of the pollutant, carbon dioxide and Nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and also the influence of these taxes on epi (Environmental Performace Index) was examined in 34 countries which were the members of OECD countries during the period (1995 to 2006) have been studied. The findings show that the imposition of such tax has caused the reduction of air pollution and the improvement of environment in the selected countries.

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) play an important role in connecting devices in pervasive environments. Each node in MANET can act as source and router. In this paper, we propose a On Demand Route Routing Protocol (ODRRP) with Broadcast Reply which combines the merits of both proactive and reactive approach. Like proactive approach, it maintains routing table at every node. However, it differs from proactive approach; that the routing table is not built prior to communication. Routing table is built in incremental steps during route discovery. Route discovery takes place like reactive approach only on demand. ODRRP takes advantage of broadcast nature in MANET for route discovery and store maximum information in the routing tables at each node. Broadcast natures avoid handshaking of RTS and CTS and effectively utilize trans-receiver antennas which reduce power consumption and effectively utilize bandwidth. The simulation of ODRRP carried out in network simulator (NS-2.32) which shows significant improvement in packet delivery ratio.

Nanocomposite which is a multiphase solid material such as particle layers or fibers containing at least one phase in nanoscale, have been extensively accepted as a new arena as well as an unique delivery system in pharmaceutical research. Several application of above mentioned system like polymeric nanocomposite, nano-fibers composite and iron oxide nanoparticle composite with their respective delivery system and characterization are discussed in this review article. Moreover, nanocomposite is now introduced in cancer therapy in order to provide better therapy with minimal toxicity.

All the previous studies on buckling and postbuckling loads of plate having all four edges simply supported (SSSS) have been limited to the use of assumed double trigonometric functions of displacement and stress. This has constrained further studies on practical plates’ problems, as the buckling and postbuckling load equation derived thereafter by this approach lacked practical interpretation and application because major associated parameters such as the displacement parameter, Wuv, stress coefficient, Wuv2 and load factor, Kcx were not determined. Hence, this paper obtained the displacement and stress functions of buckling and postbuckling loads of SSSS plate by applying the direct integration theory to the Kirchhoff’s linear buckling governing differential equation and Von Karman’s non–linear governing differential compatibility equation consecutively. Work principle was applied to the Von Karman’s non–linear governing differential equilibrium equation to obtain the buckling and postbuckling loads of the plate. Yield/maximum stress of the plate was also obtained by imposing the bending stress influences of the in-plane loads on their direct stress influences. Wuv, Wuv2 and Kcx were also defined. Therefore, the buckling/postbuckling load and critical yield stress characteristics of SSSS plate under uniformly distributed uniaxial loads could be analyzed completely.