Archives-November 2013

This study investigated the effects of migration on agricultural productivity in Osun State, with a view to compare the socioeconomic characteristics and farm-level efficiency of migrant and indigenous farmers in the State. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select a total of 360 arable crops farmers. Data were collected of farmers’ socio-economic characteristics, migration indices as well as items of costs and returns to production. Using descriptive statistics, stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA), the study revealed that there were no significant differences among the socioeconomic characteristics of migrant and indigenous farmers. The result further showed that indigenous farmers were more efficient (SFA-73.40%; DEA-42.6%) than the migrant farmers (SFA-60.20%; DEA-35.8%) and that the observed differences in the level of efficiencies among the two groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). It was concluded that indigenous farmers were more efficient than the migrant farmers in the study area.

An examination of the Development of Language Policy in Kenya demonstrates that Policies made about Language have to such extent been faced with bottlenecks. This is attributed to colonial language policies that have influenced policy decisions in the post colonial era. One watches with awe to note for example that forty years from independence Kenya is still grappling with attempts to institutionalize Kiswahili as National Language as demonstrated in the New Constitution which was promulgated as recent as 2010. This is in sharp contrast with the sister Country Tanzania which embraced the National Language concept much earlier. It is based on this understanding that this paper highlights the milestones of language policy in Kenya. The paper makes specific reference to Kiswahili, English, Mother tongues and foreign languages. The authors critically examine policies made concerning the usage of these Languages and seek to demonstrate that Language Policy in Kenya needs re-thinking.

Today's environmental performance is one very important factor in evaluating the success and the processes and products comply with environmental requirements, creates an important competitive advantage for companies. Environmental accounting can help companies large and small, industrial, manufacturing and service sectors and in large or small, based on a systematic basis according to requirement in the development of methods based on activities such as water costs, activity-based management, total quality management and process re-engineering to be used. Environmental accounting, the tool equips the traditional accounting system has been revised that environmental information processing and properly report and will give managers. Environmental accounting system, based on the classic ideas of accounting change is complete. In this respect, the benefits and elimination of pollution is calculated as a function of the product or service. Environmental accounting and accountants can make the link between environmental management and to encourage the two groups to work together to move to the next hand, the company's financial performance and improved environmental performance. In this paper, environmental accounting, of its usefulness and cost-sharing process has been studied.

Foreign trade has been considered as an engine of economic growth. The progress of a country to a large extent depends on their ability to trade relatively freely with the rest of world. The rapid export growth not only contributes directly to economic growth but it permits more imports and rapid modernization of production. It is necessary to understand Indian Fertilizers Industry position in world trade and their promotional strategy for integrating India with the world trade. In terms of Indian Fertilizer Industry, Composition of Foreign Trade, Direction of Exports and Imports and Major Problems of Indian Fertilizer Export Sector will be analyzed. Overall the industry specific export-import scenario, avenues and prospects, India’s competitive advantages and disadvantages and suitable export strategies to boost the exports of carpet related products will be discussed.

Knowledge management is a process that helps organizations to find important information, select, organize and publish them; and it’s a proficiency that will be necessary for actions like solving problems, dynamic learning, decision making. Knowledge management can improve a wide range of organization performance properties by enabling company to more intelligent performance, but it’s not enough alone; because knowledge management to be useful needs undertaking staff to organization and their job, that accept the knowledge management process with spirit and heart and perform it(Wiig, 1999:14). With considering the importance of this topic, the current discussion will study the relation between knowledge management and professional commitment of staff at a petroleum company in the south of Iran. Formation of this study was based on this question that with considering the importance of professional commitment and organizational commitment of staff, what the relation between knowledge management and professional commitment and organizational commitment of staff is. The tools of data collection in order to knowledge management evaluation is the 21 questions questionnaire of Proset et al., to evaluation of professional commitment and organizational commitment, that’s combination and native 27 questions questionnaire of Allen and Meyer et al.; the stability of professional commitment and organizational commitment obtained 83% and the stability of knowledge management evaluation was 0.87 and because of being Kronbakh alpha of questionnaires both more than 0.7, both questionnaires had obligatory stability. To determine being normal, the data obtained of Colmogroph -Smirnoph was applied and confirmed the results of being normal test. Hypothesizes of the study were examined by performing of Spearman correlation test and their significant and positive effects were proved, this means that knowledge management totally has a direct and significant relation with organizational commitment and professional commitment.

The basic aim of this analysis is relationship between organizational justice and professional commitment in Kermanshah official organizations. Material and methods: This analysis is based on descriptive analysis and from survey branch. Information gathering means is questionnaire, and in order to organizational justice analysis Chester and Ted (2007) 20 scores questionnaire is used and for organizational justice Vallas . et al., (1999) 12 scores questionnaire is used. Organizational justice questionnaire stability was 0.81 and professional commitment stability was 0.89, so because of Coronbach a=0.7 so two questionnaires have necessary stability. Statically population volume is 660 subjects from official organization staffs. According to sampling ways we choose some rate between them so finally we collect 104 questionnaires. Findings: For determining acquired data Kolmogorov - Simonov test is used and results confirm data normality. Used test in this analysis are correlation spearman test, line regression test, T-test and Friedman test and with using related test confirmed research propositions; results shows that in the aim community with improving organizational justice and professional commitment in staffs is increased too, line-regression results between organizational justice and professional commitment shows that between inter organizational justice as a independent variable and professional commitment there is linearity relationship. From 3 dimension of organizational justice just interactional justice has potentiality in changes in dependent and independent variables, so this shows that interactional justice in organizations is very important. So according to ordering Friedman test between 3 dimension of justice organizational; interactional justice has higher mean and distributive justice has lower mean and procedural justice put in second order.

The present study examines the relationship between individual characteristics and effectiveness of human resources staff of the University of Kermanshah focuses light. This descriptive study based on survey and is branching out. Inventory data is collected. In order to measure the individual characteristics of human resources At standard questionnaire "Bass, and Aldryj Valnzy" and part of the questionnaire has been developed based on the model used is Talkut Parsons The reliability of individual features 0.85 and the reliability of the 0.87 was obtained Both the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha over 0.7 are thus the reliability of both questionnaires were required. Statistical volume of about 470 employees Glider (non-faculty members) are Based on the sample was selected as the Morgan Dujy 270 finally 291 questionnaires were collected. For the normal data obtained from the Kolmogorof test - Nuf smear was normal and the test results confirmed the data. Spearman correlation test research hypotheses, were approved And normal test results confirmed the data Hypothesis test of solidarity with my Speer, were approved and they proved positive and significant effect This means that the individual characteristics of human resources is stronger The study population will increase the effectiveness of staff.

The main aim of this study is analysis of job satisfaction and professional commitment between staffs in Kermanshah. This study is according to descriptive analysis and reaching branch and information gathering tools is question air and for assessing job satisfaction we use briefed and worth 18 question airs and for analysis of professional commitment and organizational commitment receive 83% static and 87% from job satisfaction question air , because crownbakh in both question air is more than 0/7 so both question air necessary static. Sample population volume 150subjects from privet banks in Kermanshah and according to sampling random way some of them had been chosen a stoical population and finally we collected 18 questions airs. For determining normality of data we use kolomogrove – sminoroph test and results of tests confirm normality of data so meaningful relationship between them had approved.

Values of dielectric constant ( ), dielectric loss ( ), relaxation time ( p), conductivity (?p) and moisture content of pulverized samples of Fenugreek were measured for different packing densities at 9.85 GHz microwave frequency and at different temperature ( 20?C, 35?C and 50?C). Experimental results on powders of different packing fractions (?r) were used to obtain transformation to 100% solid bulk using correlation formulae of Landau-Lifshitz-Looyenga and Bottcher. It is found that, there was fair agreement between the calculated values of dielectric parameters and the values obtained experimentally for solid bulk. This shows cohesion in the particles of Trigonellia Foenum-Graecum Linn. powder under investigation.

Interest in entrepreneurship has heightened in recent years, especially in business schools. Much of this interest is driven by student demand for courses in entrepreneurship, either because of genuine interest in the subject, or because students see entrepreneurship education as a useful hedge given uncertain corporate careers This paper reports a study of the importance of religious faith to entrepreneurs and the relationship of that faith to their ethical judgments. The importance of religious faith to entrepreneurs was similar to the importance of religious faith to other business respondents. Literature offers numerous definitions of ethics.Crane and Matten (2004, p.8) define business ethics as ‘‘the study of business situations, activities, and ecisions where issues of right and wrong are dressed’’. Based on Jones‘s definition of ethical decisions (Jones, 1991, cited in Chau and Siu, 2000) ,Entrepreneurs who identified religious interests as being of high importance, and also entrepreneurs who were highly orthodox in their faith, expressed more sensitive ethical judgments on at least five of sixteen ethical issues than did entrepreneurs who indicated that religious interests were of low or no importance.