Archives-May 2021

The combustion process in Internal Combustion engines is greatly influenced by the fuel injected into the chamber and its interaction with the air. Investigation of which involves analyzing injection process from the structure point of view of the fuel spray. In addition, optimizing the spray conditions is highly important in reducing the exhaust emissions and improving the performance and combustion characteristics. The main objective is to optimize various parameters of spray for different blends of biodiesel and injection pressure mainly with respect to Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD), spray tip penetration and spray cone angle using concept of Taguchi and also identifying its contribution using analysis of variance commonly known as ANOVA with the help of ?Minitab 14.0? software where the optimum levels of parameters were found using higher Signal - Noise ratio. Based on the number of trials of experiments, spray images of biodiesel for the different combination of control factors were captured and analyzed. Furthermore performance, emission and combustion characteristics are compared by advancing as well as retarding the injection timing in existing Compression Ignition engine for the optimum condition obtained from the experiments conducted in spray chamber. The higher brake thermal efficiency is attained when it is retarded may be due to lower fuel consumption. Unburned hydro carbon is lower for KB20 due to unstable nature and simple molecular structure. Further, among all the blends KB20 can be considered to the best blend on the basis of spray characteristics.

This paper presents change detection approach for synthetic aperture radar images based on log and mean ratio operators, image fusion and a novel fuzzy local information c means Clustering algorithm. The two multi-temporal SAR images are subjected to ratio operators. The log ratio operator is used to produce the difference image with enhanced low intensity pixels. The mean ratio operator suppresses the unchanged region and improves the homogeneity of the changed region. The difference image is then subjected to image fusion. To improve the intensity of the background pixels Wavelet based image fusion technique is used. The fused image is then subjected to a novel fuzzy algorithm which is Reformulated Fuzzy Local Information C Means Clustering Algorithm. Finally the total number of pixels varied from the difference image is calculated. The kappa and Percentage of correct classification values are more than other algorithms.

The first real signal processing element just after the antenna that determine the noise performance and linearity of the overall system in RF receiver is Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) which makes it one of the most important and sensitive block of a RF receiver that can improve the performance of the circuit. The RF front end is the most significant part and any electronic warfare can damage the entire circuit performance. It is not possible to analyze theoretically under conditions such as change in input power, frequency, and design parameters. It is mandatory to propose the relationship between damage rate and the power absorbed in order to reduce the damage rate. This paper analyzes the power absorbed by the non-linear element present in the LNA circuit. The power absorption is verified by varying the input and output impedances. Hence, this paper identified the parameters that increase the damage rate of LNAs and suggested designs to reduce the damage rate.

The experiment was carried out in Kahramanmaras University Field Crops Department Experiment Area (37°35'38.2"N, 36°48'51.2"E) and Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) was used according to factorial arrangement with 3 replications. The application of mulch was done immediately after seeding and the treatment was completed after 7 months. As a result of wheat straw mulch application, the change in the levels of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) of the soil had a statistically insignificant effect on the grain yield. On the other hand straw mulch had a significant statistical effect on phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels in terms of grain yield. Depending on the increase in the mulch level, it was determined that the grain yield increased, the highest grain yield was obtained from 900 kg da-1 mulch application (700 kg da-1) and the lowest grain yield was obtained from the control application (510 kg da-1). Mulch application ensured the preservation of soil moisture; accordingly it had a positive effect on the yield by increasing the exchangeable phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). According to correlation coefficient analysis positive and important relationships were found between grain yield and K (r=0.969), grain yield and P (r=0.986), K and P (r=0.983), Ca and Mg (r=0.968), Cu and Fe (r=0.980)

A comprehensive environmental assessment of the Arabian Gulf Coast in the State of Kuwait was carried out by assessing levels of heavy, toxic and rare mineral pollutants in coastal sediments, beach sand, shells and sea water collected from the coastline. By Using (Inductively coupled plasma - Mass spectrometry) ICP-MS technique, we analyzed (Al, Mn, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Zn, Ba, Sr, Co, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ag, Ni, Fe). The results of potential environmental risks indicated that the study area was heavily enriched with (Al, Mn, Mg, Na, K, Ca), moderately enriched with (Zn, Ba, Sr, Co), and low levels of (Cu, Cd, Pb, Ag, Ni, Fe). However, in general, these pollutant levels were not exceed the EPA and the Canadian ISQG values and still lower than some standardized reference values all over the world. Furthermore, the bioaccumulation index indicated that gastropod shells and pelecypod shells had greater ability to concentrate Fe, Na, K and Al, which may be attributable to the shape of them. Regarding the seawater samples, Na and K levels were higher than their average oceanic metal concentrations. Moreover, the average concentrations of heavy metals in the studied area, especially those of Pb, K, Fe, and Zn, were lower than the coasts of many countries all over the world. The moderate enrichment of some metals in the studied area could be partially attributed to anthropogenic activities, notably oil spills from oil tankers and exploration, transportation and from saline water desalination plants in Kuwait Coast, the nearby nuclear reactors overlooking the Arabian Gulf and other industrial activities in the region. Results were in accordance with recommended daily intake allowance by WHO/FAO. From this study, it was noticed that the concentrations of Heavy, Toxic and Trace Metals for Kuwaiti Environmental Marine Samples are lower than the worldwide average value. Results obtained are discussed and compared with the international recommended data.

In this paper, various generalized imputation procedures have been suggested and their corresponding families of estimators of population mean have been considered. Asymptotic expressions for biases and mean squared errors have been obtained. Optimum conditions are investigated at which the proposed family of estimators has minimum mean squared errors. It has been shown that the proposed imputation procedures and the resulting families of estimators due to Singh and Horn (2000), Ahmed et al. (2006), Shukla and Thakur (2008) and Pandey et al (2015) are members of the suggested procedures and estimators. The results of this paper are general and of immense useful.

We report the case of a 49-year-old patient admitted to our emergency department at the Kintambo Reference General Hospital for spontaneous rupture of the spleen. At the admission of the patient, we found a pallor of the conjunctiva, the abdomen was distended, slightly contracted with splenomegaly on palpation. The biological assessment was normal. Abdominal ultrasound showed splenomegaly of homogeneous echostructure and peritoneal effusion in the form of a dense hypoechoic plaque. Abdominal CT revealed heterogeneous splenomegaly complicated by spontaneous rupture of the spleen with capsular hematoma and peritoneal effusion of average abundance. Splenectomywasrecommended in our patient.

The host plant, Pentaslanceolata, constitutes 77% of complete pollinators. We observed and labored out a total of 536 visits to this host plant. Oecophyllasmaragdina had 218 visits with more affinity, Papiliodemoleus (198), Tirumalaseptentrionis (177), and Euploea core (159). We recorded the top pastimes between 8.30 hours and 12.30 hours. 75% of the traveling endeavor finished for the duration of this period. Among the found foragers, the majority were E.core, P.demoleus, T.septentrionis, and P.polytes having two top intervals of vigorous visits. (9.30 hours in the morning session and 14.30 hours in the afternoon session). Junoniaatlites were active all through early morning up to 9.00 hours and in the night after 17.00 hours. Among bees species, Amegilla sp. and Megacampsomerisgrossa confirmed a single height as energetic throughout the morning hours.

Table of contents for the month of May 2021