Archives-May 2014

This article intends to study The Island of Dr.Moreau written by H.G. Wells in the light of scapegoat archetype. In this process, Carl Jung's theory of the archetypes or pre-existence forms and collective unconscious as their storehouse is benefitted to offer a sound understanding of the nature of archetype. In addition, Sir James Frazer's exposition of the probable reasons and relevant rituals to the sacrificial scapegoat are presented. In this study, the attempt is made to examine the unconscious belief in the significance of scapegoating in reviving peace.

With growing pressure on service providers to reduce cost and improve quality of deliverables in shorter timelines, CDM organizations and professionals need to think out of the box to retain existing clients and win new clients. Traditionally LEAN techniques have been the stronghold of manufacturing, but in the last few decades they have been effectively used in the service industry, including healthcare. In CDM, LEAN has emerged as an impactful tool in improving process efficiency and reducing operational costs. It also allows professionals to engage with senior leadership in discussions around successful deployment of LEAN. The presentation will focus on the main LEAN principles, practices, tools and methodologies and a strategic approach for its successful deployment in CDM. It will focus on the key benefits that CDM can derive from LEAN techniques such as reducing waste, rework, redundancy in process, and providing deliverables with greater accuracy and shorter timeframes while also addressing challenges such as determining process/input/output metrics, end to end process streamline, longer wait/cycle times, resource utilization and measuring deliverables with less effort. This in turn will drive client delight.

The development and application of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for full-scale Municipal wastewater treatment is the most important recent technological advance in terms of biological wastewater treatment. The MBR is a suspended growth-activated sludge system which combines the use of biological processes and membrane technology to treat wastewater and provide organic and suspended solids removal instead of secondary clarifiers. Use of MBR offers the possibility to overcome a lot of problems in activated sludge processes which are mostly due to tertiary treatment. It represents a decisive step forward concerning effluent quality by delivering a hygienically pure effluent and by exhibiting a very high operational reliability. Advanced MBR wastewater treatment technology is being successfully applied at an ever-increasing number of locations around the world. This review article has covered several aspects of MBR. The membrane separation of microorganisms from the treated wastewater is discussed in detail. Problems of membrane fouling and membrane washing and regeneration, linked to activated sludge characteristics, are examined. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of MBR over conventional activated sludge are concerned.

This paper proposes a research framework involving two indicators of national competitiveness namely quality of governance and financial sophistication. Specifically, it proposes to examine the role of governance in influencing the level of financial sophistication among emerging economies in Asia. Good governance is needed to increase the wealth of people in a country as this will create positive influences at the regional and international scopes. On the other hand, a sophisticated financial markets is required to ensure the availability of capital especially from banking and capital market. The proposed framework is an important area of research as it will highlight the significance of governance practices as a major element in determining the level of financial sophistication in which suitable policies are implemented through good governance are expected to ensure a better access to financing that could improve the country’s economic growth.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the rectal dose during three different radiotherapy techniques of cervical cancer. The study was carried out using a Anderson Rando female phantom. The thermo-luminescent dosimeter (TLD) capsules and detectors of rainbow dosimeter were employed for rectal and target volume dose determination. Several techniques of external beam radiation therapy such as two-field (AP-PA), three-field and four-field with equal applied dose were planned. During application of different radiotherapy techniques, the maximum dose received by rectum is due to the two-field technique. The results of two dosimetry types were compared with each other, In three-field, four-field equal applied dose, rectal dose was lower than tumor dose. This study showed that using TLD and rainbow dosimetry during radiotherapy could have a useful role as a predictor of choosing appropriate technique for preventing future rectal complications. Dose limitation to the rectum could possibly be achieved by using three-field and four-field techniques with equal tumor dose while maintaining a high dose to the tumor.

Overview of existing papers cutting machine and evolution of paper cutting machine has been analyzed and discussed. First, the theoretical and practical operating principles of various types of paper cutting has been analyzed and complete structural analyzes has been made to improvise machine operation. The various types of existing paper cutting machines are manual, semi-automatic, fully automatic hydraulic then, the inherent parts of the paper cutting machines has been illustrated.

The protection of environment and natural resources has high importance in achieving sustainable development. Desertification is one of the major issues threatening human communities. This phenomenon threatens about 40% of the global land surface and has influenced the life of 785 million people. In recent years, desertification control and reduction have been the most important projects in national and international organizations. Many methods have been developed for assessment and mapping of desertification hazards. Decision making problem is the process of finding the best option from all of the feasible alternatives. In almost all such problems the multiplicity of criteria for judging the alternatives is pervasive. That is, for many such problems, the decision maker wants to solve a multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. Purpose of this study is ranking of plant species in order to stabilize sand dunes in dealing with the spread of desertification.according this research Haloxlylon Species with (0/943) point promotes in first rank among 7 studied Species and thus it is the most appropriate Species for stabilize sand dunes in dealing with the spread of desertification and Alhagi maurorum with (0/020) point goes down to the last rank and so it isn`t suitable for stabilize sand dunes and Species (Salsola Kali, Peganum harmala, Seidlitzia rosmarinus, Astragalus, Tamarix hispida) with (0/629, 0/559, 0/485, 0/394, 0/329) points are located in next ranks.

In this paper, we have presented a wide range phase locked loop (PLL) based frequency synthesizer using a voltage tuning variable length ring oscillator (RO). The frequency of the used ring oscillator can be changed dynamically from one frequency to another frequency by changing the length of the oscillator electronically. An analog frequency tuning mechanism is also introduced here to make it suitable for applications in PLL based systems. The proposed PLL based frequency synthesizer can successfully synthesize different harmonics (Nf_r ) of the reference signal (f_r ) within the lock range of the oscillator. The experimental results from a prototype hardware electronic circuit are presented here to support the validity of the proposed architecture of the RO and the frequency synthesizer.

Rhizobium and Azotobacter are agriculturally beneficial living organisms present in biofertilizers which colonize the rhizosphere, fix atmospheric nitrogen into Ammonia and increases soil fertility thereby promote plant growth. Increased exposure of UV light has specific effect on various life forms. UV radiations kill or inactivate microorganism thereby prevent the growth and development of the plants. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a wide band gap semiconductor, an efficient light harvester and has strong UV light absorbing capability. Here, we studied the UV screening effect of TiO2 thin films as a protective layer in the enhancement of growth of Rhizobium and Azotobacter. TiO2 thin films of different thicknesses were deposited on the glass substrates using TTIP as precursor by sol-gel dip coating technique by repeating the number of coating cycles which were annealed at 550o C for one hour. The structural properties, surface morphology, stoichiometry and optical properties were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDAX, AFM and UV-Visible studies. The relation of survival rate of microorganism and thickness of the thin films was studied in detail. It is found that the crystallite size increases (21.3 nm-77.6 nm), band gap decreases (3.4eV-2.8eV) and transmittance decreases with increase in film thickness. We have observed that survival rate of organisms increases with increase in film thickness. This study showed that TiO2 thin films act as protective layer against UV radiation and enhance the survival rate of organisms.

Nigerian Children are still exposed to lead from the environment, food, drinking water, cosmetics, parents’ occupation, and the use of residual lead painted woods. Although, lead poisoning outbreak in Zamfara and Kaduna which claimed the life of several children, occurred in villages and amidst the lower societal class. Recent studies have however revealed that lead exposure is still a prevalent issue in urban and rural areas with the continued production of leaded paint by the Nigerian paint industries, and the discovery of high lead contents in some canned foods and other food products in Nigeria. Lead exposure and poisoning may be eradicated in the nearest future in Nigeria with greater awareness on its health implications, the use of cleaner fuel for cooking or heating, and with the proactive and collaborative approach by the government, parents, the Ministry of Health and Environment, the food industries, the paint manufacturing industries, and other stakeholders’ in the society. There is also the need to encourage the use of cleaner fuel in households. There is the possibility of future study on lead exposure in Nigerian children through the application of leaded beauty products such leaded eye pencils on their eyes by some mothers.