Archives-June 2014

Lead is an environmental pollutant which does not only affects human but animals as well. Lead poisoning is the common cause of toxicity in cattle and advancing due to industrialisation. Lead toxicity in cows is an economic loss and also food safety issue in terms of milk, dairy products and meat. Thus, there should be a constant checking on the concentration of lead in cattle. There has, however been little research concerning lead exposure in cattle in India. The objective of this study was to detect the level of lead in cows in Bangalore, India. 15 blood samples from cows were collected in 4 different areas namely Kalenagrahara, Gottigere, Basavanapura and Kalkere in Bannerghatta and analysed using Lead Analyser(Lead Care II). Fodder and water sample were also analysed by X Ray Fluorescence and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy respectively in order to find out the possible source of lead. Blood lead levels in cows from all the 4 areas ( below 4.7 µg/dL) were within the accepted limits. Fodder and water levels of lead ranged below 45 ppm and 0.0053 ppm respectively; and all were within the accepted levels. It is thereby concluded that level of lead in cows in has not reached an alarming level and thus does not pose a threat to animals and man

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between government deficits and surpluses of budget volatility and money volume volatility with Tehran’s stock price index volatility. The data used in this study is the total price index of Tehran Stock Exchange and fiscal policies of governments and monetary policies of central bank, including deficits and surpluses of budget and money volume as a seasonal period (1996 - 2008). For describing long-term relationships between variables VAR model is used and for investigating this relationship the effect of macroeconomic variables namely interest rate, consumer price index, house price index on the Stock Exchange index are considered. Estimation results show that changes in stock price index have a positive relationship with the money volume and a positive relationship with government deficits and surpluses of budget.

Mobile ad-hoc networks operate in the absence of any supporting infrastructure. The absence of any fixed infrastructure in mobile ad-hoc networks makes it difficult to utilize the existing techniques for network services, and poses number of various challenges in the area. The discovery and maintenance of secure route is the most flinty challenge. In this thesis, we first deliberate and implement one secure routing protocol SAODV and study its performance under different scenarios. Then we carry out a number of experiments using NS-3 to compare the performance of AODV, SAODV in terms of security level and routing discovery time under different setups. From these experiments, we can see that performance of AODV and SAODV and Aridane.

Tri-ethylene (TEG) is used to inhibit the formation of natural gas hydrates in long transportation pipelines that convey gas from remote gas field to processing units. The degradation of glycol leads to its decomposition and reduction of its pH making it more acidic thereby, increasing its tendency to cause corrosion and subsequent blockage of production and transportation facilities. The possible effect of water on tri-ethylene glycol was ascertained in terms of changes in viscosity, pH, density and efflux time as table 1to4.Thus, the resulting effect of water on glycols (TEG) is high at room temperature and low at frozen temperature as was observed in terms of pH, viscosity and efflux time of the mixture.

In this study, comparison between two controllers i.e. PID controller and fuzzy logic controller is done for the proposed dc-dc closed loop boost converter. The simulation, modeling and stability analysis of DC-DC Boost converter for Solar Electric system is done using space averaging technique in order to study its time domain, frequency domain and pole-zero domain analysis. A feedback controller for DC-DC boost converter is Designed to obtain constant output voltage of 24 V.A fuzzy logic controller is later used to control the output voltage of the boost converter. Simulation results show that fuzzy logic controlled boost converter has fast transient response, better steady-state response, and the proposed converter is less sensitive to load changes as compared to that of PID controller.

Knowledge management is a process that helps organizations to find important information, select, organize and publish them; and it’s a proficiency that will be necessary for actions like solving problems, dynamic learning, decision making. Knowledge management can improve a wide range of organization performance properties by enabling company to more intelligent performance, but it’s not enough alone; because knowledge management to be useful needs undertaking staff to organization and their job, that accept the knowledge management process with spirit and heart and perform it (Wiig,1999:14). With considering the importance of this topic, the current discussion will study the relation between knowledge management and professional commitment of staff at a petroleum company in the south of Iran. Formation of this study was based on this question that with considering the importance of professional commitment and organizational commitment of staff, what the relation between knowledge management and professional commitment and organizational commitment of staff is. The tools of data collection in order to knowledge management evaluation is the 21 questions questionnaire of Proset et al., to evaluation of professional commitment and organizational commitment, that’s combination and native 27 questions questionnaire of Allen and Meyer et al.; the stability of professional commitment and organizational commitment obtained 83% and the stability of knowledge management evaluation was 0.87 and because of being Kronbakh alpha of questionnaires both more than 0.7, both questionnaires had obligatory stability. To determine being normal, the data obtained of Colmogroph-Smirnoph was applied and confirmed the results of being normal test. Hypothesizes of the study were examined by performing of Spearman correlation test and their significant and positive effects were proved, this means that knowledge management totally has a direct and significant relation with organizational commitment and professional commitment.

The vehicle routing problem is to determine K vehicle routes, where a route is a tour that begins at the depot, traverses a subset of the customers in a specified sequence and returns to the depot. Each customer must be assigned to exactly one of the K vehicle routes and total size of deliveries for customers assigned to each vehicle must not exceed the vehicle capacity. The routes should be chosen to minimize total travel cost. This paper gives a solution to find an optimum route for vehicle routing problem using Hybrid Encoding Genetic Algorithm (HEGA) technique. The objective is to find routes for the vehicles to service all the customers at a minimal cost without violating the capacity, travel time constraints and time window constraints

In this paper, an improved model for complete observability of electrical power networks in optimal PMU placement is presented. Here a goal function is introduced based on the Integer Linear Programming (ILP) to find the optimal number and position for PMUs. Hitherto, modeling of zero injection busses constraints had been a challenge due to the intrinsic nonlinearity associated with it. We show that zero injection constraints can also be modeled as linear constraints. Also in this paper, a novel and topology based method is suggested when zero injection busses are considered in power grid. The ILP approach is implemented to solve the models. The models is tested in IEEE 14, 30, 57 and 118 busses systems. The simulation results are confirmed with the schemes concluded from authoritative publications.

Automatic Speech recognition and conversion of speech to text is a work which has proved its importance for decades. A lot of work has already been done in this contrast. This paper focuses on the category of the emotion of Punjabi speech and the conversion of speech to text using advanced system voice recognition pattern. This paper also focuses on the optimization of the EEMD process by combining EEMD process with the Neural Network. Neural Network has been found to be friendly in the contrast of compounding different algorithms to it and it produces significant results. This paper also focuses on the future works to be considered in the same field.

Career is of immense important and plays vital role in life of an individual. In Pakistan mostly students don’t plan about their professional career during their studies and even if they plan, the planning is very vague and ambiguous. The aim of this study is to discuss the perception of business students about their career and explore the factors which influence their choice. In order to achieve this end, 300 business students were randomly selected from Lahore Business School. The data was collected through structured questionnaire. Data is analyzed by using SPSS, simple descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution is used for analysis. It had been revealed that majority of students like to choose finance as their career furthermore results showed that the most influential factor was personal interest (Mean = 4.15 & S.D=1.04), followed by Team Work Skills (Mean = 4.10 & S.D= 0.97).