Archives-June 2012

Lipid composition of the brain oils of bull and hen found in Nigeria was determined by gas chromatography. SFA level ranged from 6.11 to 6.54 % of total fatty acids. MUFA was close to each other in the samples and composed the third largest fraction of 8.89 to 9.86 %. The n-6 PUFA constituted the second largest group of 35.4 to 39.0 % whereas the n-3 PUFA of 46.0 to 48.1 % formed the largest group. Most concentrated SFA was lignoceric acid, highest MUFA was erucic acid, highest n-6 was arachidonic acid whilst docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was the highest n-3 PUFA. Cholesterol was the only sterol detected, 589 to 874 mg/100 g. The highest phospholipid was phosphatidylcholine having a range of 29.1 (60.4 %) to 20.2 (59.6 %) mg/100 g. 100 g bull brain would provide 8.56 g of DHA, 100 g hen brain would provide 9.47 g of DHA.

Reinvention of the mortgage market through the creation of a secondary market has been identified as one of the solution to the lack of funds that plague the Nigerian housing sector. There is however a set of institutional barriers that have created risk factors that are responsible for the high interest rates on mortgage loans in economy. This paper identifies some of these barriers as the requirement of Governor’s consent, revocation of right of occupancy, mortgage registration period and foreclosure period and the cost of foreclosure. It further reveals their nature in the present mortgage lending practice and makes recommendation to improve the practice in preparation for any secondary mortgage market operations.

In this study, identification of value on the basis of packaging design for products of Olmuksa International Paper Sabanci is explained. First, packaging and related concepts are introduced, then how a corrugated packaging manufacturer conceptualizes cost reduction is also explored. Finally, corrugated cardboard package design examples parallel to this conceptualization are provided. The authors conclude that cost reductions may be realized for companies that both produce and consume packaging.

The study was designed to explore the different aspects of application of Montessori Method at pre primary. Population of the study was comprised of parents and teachers of Montessori level students and purposive sample of 30 teachers and 30 parents from SLS Montessori & School, was collected to meet the research objectives such as to assess the effectiveness of prepared environment, to determine teachers’ and parents’ role in its implementation, to explore the effect of full diploma and short courses in application of this method and to search out about its application along with traditional method of education. The results of this study gave a clear picture of the need and proper implementation of Montessori Method. It has shown that the positive impact on the overall development of a child is obviously attainable through a prepared environment. The teacher also gains individual refinement through this method as she gets inner satisfaction when her students have met their objectives. The importance of parents’ role has also been emphasized for pursuing this method in home environment also. This study would give a newer dimension towards the implication of Montessori Method along with traditional education.

The present study aims to determine the relationships between perceived paternal parenting styles and locus of control. In addition, the moderating role of family income was also tested. Sample consisted of 382 school-going adolescents with an average age of 14.27 years. A multi-stage cluster sampling was used for collecting the data. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared for the participants at their selected schools. Fathers’ parenting style was measured using the inventory of Parental Authority Questionnaire, as well as a scale that assessed the respondents’ locus of control. Results demonstrated that paternal authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles were significantly related to internal locus of control. However, no significant moderating effect was found for family income. The present study emphasizes the need for continued focus on the link between child rearing strategies and child developmental outcomes.

Innovation is the process through which the entrepreneur converts market opportunities into workable, profitable and marketable ideas. It is the application of something creative that has a significant impact on an organization, an industry or the society at large. Innovation is critical not only to facilitate differentiation, but also to bring about sustainable competitive advantage. The study employed survey research using questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. Two hundred subjects responded to the questionnaire. Five hypotheses were formulated and tested using multiple regression, t-test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Analysis of Variance. The study suggested, among other findings, that there is an association or relationship between cultural values and entrepreneurial innovativeness in Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended among others that entrepreneurs should consider their cultural values and ethnic dispositions in their business pursuits since they can go a long way in determining entrepreneurial innovativeness.

Objective: Biotene mouthwash is an antimicrobial agent used in prevention of periodontal disease, xerostomia and halitosis. it seems that no study has been conducted to evaluate its effect on prevention of alveolar osteitis(AO) .So the purpose of the study is to evaluate effective of biotene mouthwash on prevention of alveolar osteitis after extraction of permanent mandibular teeth and to investigate association of risk factors of AO with incidence of AO. Methods and materials: This randomized double blind clinical trial was conducted in oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Tabriz dental faculty. In case group (n=192), the patients received Biotene mouthwash and used it, three times a day for one week. Control group (n=197) received 0.09% sterile saline solution and used it similar to case group. The patients with the symptoms of AO were recalled for the diagnosis of alveolar osetitis on the third postoperative day. Results: In the experimental group 6 ( 3.1%) of AO incidence was found. While in the control group, 17 (8.6%) of AO was observed. The reduction in the incidence of AO in case group was statistically significant in comparison with control group p=0.03, p<0.05 for fisher`s exact test (Chi-square test). smoking was a variables that has significant relation to increased rate of AO. p=0.235, p<0.05. Conclusion: It was concluded that the use of Biotene mouthwash can be effective in reducing the incidence of dry socket after extraction of mandibular teeth. Smoking was significantly associated with the increased incidence of alveolar osteitis.

Nowadays, tractor is one of the most important power sources in agriculture. Replacement of tractor is one of the most important decisions that should be made by farmer. Proper performance in this case can lead to timely, high quality farm operations which in turns results in considerable decrease in product expenditures and also more income. The current study was performed in order to determine economically optimum life of MF285 tractors in Debal Khazaei Agro-Industry Co. in Khuzestan province of Iran. Moreover, listed price of tractor, annual depreciation and Internal Rate of Return in the study period were calculated. Then, these items accompanied by their repair and maintenance cost were used to determine their economic life. Finally, replacement time for the study tractors was obtained equal as 6981 hours. These hours of operation are performed in about 14 years and thus the tractor should be replaced.

Everything in this universe is perpetually in a state of change. In fact, we live in fluctuating world, nothing stays still. Language like everything else joins in this general flux. These changes may occur in all aspects of a language: in pronunciation, in syntax and in lexicon. Of these three areas lexical changes are the most noticeable and may be observed almost daily. An important type of lexical change in any language is lexical borrowing. This research intended to investigate whether these new substitute words have been accepted by educated people or not. The research also intended to see whether there is any difference among students of Persian, English and Arabic literature in their familiarity with and use of these new words or not. In so doing, three groups of educated students at the university of Isfahan participated in the study. Each group consisted of 30 male students, studying English, Persian, and Arabic literature. A list of 163 substituted words for the borrowed foreign words presented to them. They were asked to mark the word which they use more frequently in spoken and written form of language to see which form, the borrowed form or the substituted form, is used more frequently and also by which group. The results show that the borrowed words are used more frequently than substituted words by all of the three groups. It is suggested that the language planners include the substitute words in high school books to get more fruitful results and we hope it finds its place among our people very soon!

This study examined the relationship between EFL learners’ attributions for success and failure in learning a foreign language and their self-perceived communication competence. To this end, having homogenized the learners via the Interchange Objective Placement Test (IOPT), the Causal Dimension Scale (CDS-II) and the Language Achievement Attribution Scale (LAAS) were administered to 72 EFL learners studying at two English language institutes in Iran. Six causal attributions (ability, effort, task difficulty, mood, luck, and teacher) together with four attributional properties (locus of causality, stability, personal control, and external control) were compared with learners’ self-perceived communication competence. To see whether there is any significant relationship between learners’ attributions and their self-perceived communication competence, Pearson product-moment correlation was applied to the data. The results showed significant correlations between some of the LAAS, but not CDS-II, subscales and learners’ scores on the SPCC scale. Results from Regression Analysis (using LAAS) revealed that task difficulty attribution was the best predictor for low SPCC scores, indicating that students who attributed the outcome of their test to the difficulty of the task received lower grades on the SPCC scale. Finally, statistical results were discussed, and implications for English language teaching were suggested.