Archives-January 2018

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential toxic effects of mancozeb on stress biomarkers such as catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and protein level in the brain tissue of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Mancozeb, is a synthetic fungicide contaminating aquatic environments as a potential toxic pollutants, was investigated in the present study for acute toxicity. Zebrafish groups were exposed to different doses of mancozeb (5 mg L-1 and 7,5 mg L-1) for 120 hours. Catalase (CAT) activity, Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and total protein level were determined with spectrophotometer. The results showed that CAT activity and MDA level decreased in all experiment groups. Protein level increased in the experiment groups when compared to the control group. In conclusion, the changes in the CAT activity and MDA levels were time and as well as mancozeb dose-dependent. Furthermore, the biochemical parameters of mancozeb exposure on zebrafish, showed that mancozeb has significant effect on the zebrafish and/or aquatic organisms.

We have conducted a meta-analysis, a detailed literature review has been studied on hydrogen economy and it’s important in both regions. We have also seen that how useful a hydrogen can be and how it can affect the overall economy of both regions (China and Pakistan). The reason for conducting meta-analysis is to compare the hydrogen economy performance in both countries. This analysis would also give a wider perspective that how hydrogen economy with its different functions, especially hydrogen in the energy sector can enhance the overall growth of the economy. In our analysis, we have compared the different statistics of hydrogen with different factors of economy and tried to assess the impact of hydrogen in those sectors. Our findings indicate that large-scale use of hydrogen is not a significant environmental hazard. If appropriate technical standards and safety standards are used, hydrogen is no longer hazardous to conventional fuels. The hydrogen economy has the potential to provide many benefits for the country, including reduced dependence on imported oil, environmental sustainability, and economic competitiveness. But without serious effort, there is no serious difficulty. Recommendations are made to guide Pakistan towards the path to the hydrogen economy. It must be a clear political support for the development of hydrogen. We need to establish a partnership with countries related to hydrogen technology. In order to overcome the technical obstacles, investment in the research and development of hydrogen and fuel cells is necessary. Current study is not only beneficial for policymakers but also for scholars.

Today, consumers can go through different online channels by which they are able to interact with sellers. This research has specifically examined the factors essential for the acceptance of online shopping in Pakistan. These factors have been selected on the basis of international market literature that will provide ways to implement online shopping in Pakistan including the personal choices of the users. Four hypotheses were developed and tested with the help of a systematically designed questionnaire, comprising of over fifty questions. Where, H1: Muslims are more reluctant to adopt online shopping option as compared to consumers from Pakistani Christian community. H2: Females from urban background are more inclined to purchase online than the females from rural background. H3: Fear of insecure dealing of personal information is positively associated with refusing online shopping websites. H4: The choice of online shopping is more dependent on the quantity of information provided about the product with suitable illustrations on the website than the colour or font of the website content. The questionnaires were distributed among 500 students of the selected institutes throughout Islamabad, Pakistan at random. H1 and H4 were supported while H2 and H3 were not supported by the data. The findings of this research are helpful for the e-marketers and managers to better understand the methods of increasing the online sales via online retailing in Pakistan. The major limitation of this study is that it is focused on the students studying in the universities of the single geographical location, therefore the results may not be generalizable to other geographical locations.

Contamination of water and sediments of Niger River by pesticides used in Korokoro watershed (60.6 km2, Mali) and Niger River outfall, was studied from 2009 to 2011. In these two localities, pesticides used frequently in cotton production have been surveyed near farmers. Sampling campaigns of water, water and sediments have been also carried out respectively in the watershed outlet and Niger River outfall. Chromatographic analyzes of overall samples showed a contamination of these by organochlorine pesticides due to agricultural waters drained from Korokoro watershed and those from external cotton fields of the watershed. Surface runoff can be the main source of this contamination. 

This research work is nominated for an image protection technique in the area of spatial domain based digital watermarking and steganography. The proposed work has evolved a hybrid algorithm, Namely, MP-1. In this paper, a new data hiding and digital watermarking algorithm basedonimage matrix vectorization is provided. Experimental results show that the research work has achievedfew of targeted goal such as good concealment ability, large embedding capacity. The proposed algorithm can be widely used in area of spatial domain based digital watermarking and steganography.

Mother's milk is ideal for infants, it is safe and contains all the necessary nutrients, antibodies that protect the baby from common children illnesses. Exclusively breastfeeding of infants and continuing the breastfeeding until the second year of life provides the child with quality nutrition and can prevent the lack of nutrients, malnutrition and their consequences. We can see the need for education on breastfeeding and promotion of breastfeeding, which gives importance to healthcare workers for education and prevention of early stopping of breastfeeding. The study included 100 respondents in the Canton, 50 primiparea (pregnant women expecting the first child) and 50 respondents who were multiparas. The study was designed as an observation – transient study and lasted from April to July 2016. It was done using a CDC questionnaire. The research was conducted in the Public Health Institute for the Health Protection of Women and Maternity of Sarajevo Canton at Vogosca. There is a statistically significant difference in the knowledge of primipara and multiparas about the length of breastfeeding according to WHO recommendations, ?2=13,827; p=0.001. Multipare have better knowledge. The most frequent sources of information about breastfeeding in both examined groups were the experiences of other mothers, ?2=0.186; p=0.666. After the research we have found that there is a certain number of subjects who do not have enough breastfeeding education. The fact that the majority of respondents considered the most reliable source of information on breastfeeding the experience of other mothers and family members emphasized the need to create new promotional projects on the importance of breastfeeding by health professionals.

The study examined the antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidative activity of Corchorus olitorius. Antioxidant activity was examined in-vitro by 1,1,-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. Lipid peroxidation, examined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in erythrocytes of three groups of mice fed different levels of C. olitorius, showed reduction in MDA from 1.38 to 0.94 ?mol/g Hb and 1.22 to 0.83 ?mol/g Hb in male and female mice respectively. No significant change in weights (p>0.05) were found in the liver, kidney, heart, spleen and lungs of the mice. Changes in body weights were significant (p<0.05) suggesting C. olitorius’ potential use in obesity management.

Kenya has put in place legislations to safeguard the safety and health of workers, but still the number of accidents at workplaces has continued to increase. According to the Directorate of Occupational safety and health Services (DOSHS) Annual Report, the Coast region was leading with the number of fatal accidents at 42 and non-fatal accidents at 842 for the year 2004. The DOHS Annual Report (2010) reported an increase to 1742 accidents, where 34 were fatal and 1713 were non-fatal in the coast region. Literature from various parts of the world has identified numerous causes of accident. Human error plays a big role in accident causation, behavioral factors such as improper attitude, lack of knowledge, lack of skills and inadequate physical and mental condition. Carelessness and reckless behavior, inattention or fatigue, inadequate or unsafe equipment and lack of adequate training increase the probability that an accident will occur. However, not much has been documented in Kenya, particularly in food laboratories. The paper therefore presents the causes and frequency of accidents in food laboratories within Mombasa County .The target population was 200 food laboratory workers from all the thirteen food laboratories in Mombasa county out of which 50% was the sample representative. Simple random sampling was used to identify those to be issued with questionnaires. Data collected was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively using the SPSS computer software and results were presented in tables as percentages and frequencies.Results indicated that slips and falls are the main cause of accidents as was stated by 43% of respondents. The results also showed a strong inverse correlation between the work experience and accident occurrence. A regression identified on three factors that are main cause of accidents: Drug use, Poor working environment and lack of adequate training.

The foreign bodies of the oropharynx constitute a frequent emergency in the child. Management assumes a general rule that any foreign body that has penetrated through the natural pathways can be extracted by the same routes. The particularity of this foreign body and the difficulties encountered during its extraction.a 6-year-old girl admitted to take charge of a foreign body. This is a pen hat trapped in the para-pharyngeal space, examination of the oral cavity finds the extremity Distal of the cap of the visible hat through a 1 cm wound between the left lateral wall of the oropharynx without active bleeding, CT showed the foreign body enclosed in the left parapharyngeal space and which came into contact with l. The vascular axis of the neck without vascular lesions. The extraction was difficult since the hat was hung like a hook under the mucosa. It was performed under general anesthesia by the natural route.

The aim of the study is to examine it is sometimes necessary to use transformation of variable for treating autocorrelation of regression or time series model. Different there are many methods have been used for this purpose. This paper uses the first difference method and the Cochrane-Orcutt method in autocorrelation of malaria data in Khartoum State, treated in out-patient clinics. The data collected from the Federal Ministry of Health, National Health Information Centre, and annual reports during (2001 – 2015). By calculating the estimates for each method and errors, the paper showed that the method of differences is better in the treatment of auto-correlation, and there are limits of negatives error, because reducing these errors from least square method.