Archives-January 2015

The present study mainly attempts to compare the motion development of monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins and singletons of 7 and 10 years old in Kermanshah city. The population of the study was a total of 185 students, composed of 43 students of 7 year old boys and 46 students of 7 years old girl, 40 boys aged 10 and 56 daughters aged 10 years. The whole study population was categorized into three groups including monozygotic, dizygotic and non-twin. All of them participated in Test of Gross Motor Development Ulrich-2 (TGMD-2) which measured the Gross Motor Quotient (GMQ) through two subtests of Locomotor skills and object control skills. The data analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in relation to the GMQ score of 7-year monozygotic, dizygotic and non-twin groups of both sexes; whereas there was a significant difference in relation to the 10-year groups for both sexes. Also there was a significant difference between the GMQ scores for inter-pair 7-year twins of both sexes and those for 10-year pairs.

Traumatic hip dislocation in children is a rare disease .We report the case of a child aged 11 years old male who presented a posterior pure dislocation of the left hip after a sports accident. A reduction in emergency was performed with a perfect radiological control. Subsequent treatment consisted of pulling stuck for 45 days. The child was seen with a decline of 1 year. Hip was considered normal. This entity is exceptional in small children It may be secondary to minimal trauma as coxa valga or excessive femoral neck anteversion or ligamentous laxity may explain a predisposition to this dislocation. His prognosis is very good if urgent care is performed.

An evaluation of 238U, 235U, 137Cs and 133Xe in soils from two campuses in university of Douala-Cameroon using gamma spectroscopy based Broad Energy Germanium Detector (BEGe6530) has been performed. The mean activities in soils from Campuse 1 were 40.16±8.98 Bq/kg for 238U, 3.39±0.33 Bq/kg for 235U, 0.46±0.33 Bq/kg for 137Cs and 0.14±0.16 Bq/kg for 133Xe. In Campus 2, the mean activities in soils were 31.45±12.24 Bq/kg, 3.02±1.00 Bq/kg, 0.30±0.26 Bq/kg and 0.35±0.24 Bq/kg for 238U, 235U, 137Cs and 133Xe respectively. Using the In situ survey meter, the mean values of the absorbed dose rate measured was 71.43 nGy/hr for Campus 1 and 62.72 nGy/hr for Campus 2. The evaluated average outdoor effective dose for Campus 1 and 2 were 87.60 µSv/yr and 76.93 µSv/yr respectively. The overall results obtained in this work were generally low compared to that of UNSCEAR.

High levels of eosinophils are important in several diseases such as allergy and parasitic infections. Eosinophilia has been associated with parasitic diseases mainly when the parasite invades the tissues and promotes damage at mucosal surfaces. In this paper, we evaluated the expression of the costimulatory molecules MHC II, CD80 and CD86 during the peak of eosinophilia to investigate if eosinophils have a phenotype potential to act as APC. To this end, we used syndrome of visceral larva migran (VLMS) model, a parasitic disease caused by Toxocara canis, one of the most frequent helminthes in dog puppies. Our results showed increased expression of CD80 and MHC II. In general, the enhanced expression of CD80 and MHC II and lowest CD86 expression may be correlated with cytokine production, since there was also an increase in IL- 4 and IL- 5. The increase in CD80 expression suggests the activation of the antigen specific immune response of T. canis occurs efficiently. Thus, we suggest a potential role of eosinophils to act as APC in VLMS experimental model.

In European Union citizens are expected to take responsibility and actions to limit the threat of climate change as well as authorities or corporations. However, while only 36 percent of citizens in Lithuanian take personal action, 75 percent of British do. In light of framing as media effects theory media coverage can be considered as an explanation for different levels of personal contribution. Based on the latter assumption the online news content in Lithuania and the United Kingdom was investigated in terms of attribution of responsibility to citizens, authorities and industry/corporations. The findings showed that the use of the same frames varies by country and political preferences of media. However, the findings were not explicit enough to prove the one directional relationship between media content and individual level behavior, where media is perceived as having power upon individuals. Contrary, the results showed that social problems guide thematic choices of editorials and therefore individuals have impact on media. As a result, findings raised concerns that the notion of framing as an interactive process would more relevant than the assumption of framing as linear process.

During 1993-1997, the policy of dual containment was selected by Clinton’s administration to prevent Iran and Iraq from any action jeopardizing the interests of the international community especially the United State of America. The new policy of dual containment was the result of the new world order in which the U.S. found itself as the hub of the new world after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Also, this new policy put away the balance of power policy that was the main policy of previous American administrations which had sought a balance of power between Iran and Iraq in order to contain these two nations from any aggression to the global peace and security.

Architecture reflects the spirit of time and through the study of its various characteristics in different historical periods, the age dominant social policies are detectable. The concentration on such a correlation has got the more significance in the recent years, especially in evolving or developing countries like Iran. This essay, through the analysis of Iran condition during the five post Revolution governments and through the extraction of the statesmen’s various mottos is to identify the fundamental political orientations in different presidencies. Then, through the analysis of fifty architectural works as the case-study in each presidency (four hundred and fifty cases in total), referring to the texts that expressed the architects’ comments about their own works, is to determine the architects’ professional approaches in each period. The adaptive comparison of the architects’ approaches and the political orientations in each presidency through the Comparative Analysis can determine the kind and quality of the interaction between architecture and politics or city and social evolutions in each presidency. According to the accomplished studies, a kind of meaningful correlation between the political mottos of different governments and the architects’ professional orientations is definable; but the research most significant achievement suggests the emergence of a new generation of the Iranian contemporary architects in the Justice Government who, indifferent to the current policies, peruse their own determined principles and ideals, the principles like democracy, tolerance or discourse which correspond to the Reform Government orientations.

Physical quantity is a topic in the elective physics syllabus in taught in all categories of senior high schools two (SHS2) in Ghana and science students are to show an appreciable understanding of its measurement. However, serious doubt have been raised in the Physics Chief Examiner’s report of the West African Examination Council of Ghana of both physics-1 (theory) and physics-2 (practical) as to whether science students really understand measurement of physical quantities. In view of this, the researcher used a mixed designed method to gather data from SHS3 physics students’ on their understanding of measurement uncertainty of length and time. A population of 422 SHS3 physics students were sampled and a two item questionnaire on distance and time administered in order to find out whether the problem enumerated by the Chief Examiners’ of Physics concerning physics students exist and were either with the set paradigm or the point paradigm concept. Also five SHS3 physics were purposively selected and interviewed in order to validate students’ written responses. The study revealed that students do not have an understanding of measurement uncertainty by the set paradigm concept. Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that physics teachers should make effort to make scientific measurement by the set paradigm concept relevant to all senior high school science students in Volta region of Ghana.

Early studies on the adsorption and ion exchange potential of coconut coir dust (Cocos nucifera L.) has great proficiency for removal of trace metal ions from waste water and industrial effluents. Several factors influence the process of waste water detoxification by agricultural biomass. In this paper the effect of temperature on the extent of adsorption of this metals by unconventional adsorbent is being monitored for Cu(II), Pb(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) in aqueous solutions. The results show increase percentage adsorption with increase in temperature for all the metal ions indicating an endothermic reaction. It was also observed that the average enthalpy adsorption 0 and K0 increased with increase in temperature for all the adsorption of metal ions on the adsorbents indicating an endothermic process. The values of 0 were greater than +20kj/g/mols for most of the adsorption which supports chemisorption reaction. It was observed that the effect of temperature was more pronounced on the adsorption of the metal ions on the modified coir extract viz; CTR and STR, than the unmodified coir dust. This shows that the CTR, and STR adsorbents were more efficient at higher temperatures than the coir dust.

Quercetin is a phenolic compound that exhibits strong antioxidant activity and they are widely found in onion (Allium cepa). The concentration of quercetin in the onion of different species or different date of purchase varies within the range of 185-634mg/ kg of fresh onion. The naturally occurring quercetins in the onion are appeared in glucose conjugate forms such as quercetin-4?-O-?-glycopyranoside, quercetin-3,4?-O-?-diglycopyranoside, and quercetin -3,7,4?-O-?-triglycopyranoside. The attachment of glucose on the molecule of quercetin has brought to two adverse effects: i) Decrease of the antioxidant activity. ii) Limit the human intestinal absorption upon oral consumption. Previous studies have suggested several methods to remove the glucose from the molecule of quercetin including the strong acid hydrolysis, organic acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis and lactic acid fermentation.