Archives-February 2012

Plants often experience both drought and salinity stress in arid environment. Various mathematical water uptake models exist for plants response to combined drought and salinity stress. The reduction functions are classified as additive, multiplicative and conceptual models. In this study six different macroscopic reduction functions, namely; Van Genuchten (additive and multiplicative), Dirksen et al., Van Dam et al, Skaggs et al and Homaee were evaluated. The experiment was carried out on Ghods variety of wheat crop in a factorial split plot design with 3 replicates in the Research Field of university Birjand. The treatments consisted of four levels of irrigation (50, 75, 100 and 120%of crop water requirement), and three water qualities (1.4, 4.5, 9.6 dS/m). The results of this study indicated that the additive model estimates relative yield less than actual amount. In other word, the effect of combined stresses on wheat yield was less compared to sum of the separate effects due to salinity and water stress. The effect of drought stress on reduction of yield was more than salinity stress. The results also revealed that reduction function of Skaggs et al and Homaee were better fitness to measured data than the other functions.

Life skills have been defined as “the abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life.”This paper examines the relevance of imparting life skills education in schools in today’s world, the core life skills, the target group those who most needs it; challenges and issues of adolescent students. And lastly emphasis is given on various methods to enhance life skills in students.

This article will debates about Religion Pluralism which brought by netted Liberal Islamic group. One of the Religion Pluralism issue is Different Religion Marriage. Though, Liberal group support those concept and using an argumentation from Al-Quran to strengthen their contentions and debates. Moreover, the author brought of firmly and fixed debates from Al-Quran and viewers from Holy Priest in order rejecting that slanders. Lastly, the holy discuss and agree to state for that Different Religion Marriage is a sinful things to practice. It is mentioned and confirmed regarding Al-Quran facts and belief, and no more dispulation of disagree or dissension.

This paper proposes a review of the main uniqueness and parameters of photovoltaic (PV) cell. A photovoltaic (PV) cell converts the solar energy into the electrical energy by the photovoltaic effect. The heat does not participate constructively in this process. Heat actually limits the performance of p-n layers, and the presence of excess heat is a sign of deterioration in a PV cell. Most solar cells are built from silicon, and the presence of impurities influences their performance. The losses occurring in the field operation of a PV cell have to be considered in order to calculate precisely its real electric power output. The PV module model is simulated using Matlab. The reviewed model is based on previous studies and previous models. Finally, the model has been compared with experimental data of a commercial PV module USP5-6V.

A simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of macrocyclic binuclear Schiff base ligand and their transition metal complexes of the type [M₂(L)X]  where M= Ni(II), Cu(II),   X=CH₃COO^? and [M₂(L)].X where M=Ni(II), Cu(II) and VO(II), X=4ClO₄^?, 2SO₄^2?. If the ligand have been synthesized by the condensation of 3,3’-diaminobenzidine with Phthaldehyde and O-phenylenediamine in the ratio 1:4:2. The prepared macrocyclic ligand and their metal complexes were structurally confirmed by analytical and spectral data and the bonding sites are the azomethine nitrogen atoms. The metal complexes exhibit different geometrical arrangements such as square planar and square pyramidal. The ligand and the complexes were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. The results showed that this skeletal framework exhibit marked potency as antimicrobial agents.

Comments on the electrodynamics of moving bodies by Albert Einstein is based on Trickeries (Open letter to Professors, Teachers, Researchers and Students of Physics)

Today, use of techniques such as information aggregation and design of homogenous and integrated systems in the organizations have been turned into critical case. Selection of suitable tools and system for implementation of information aggregation structures and information fetching and access model with emphasis on knowledge management is one of the managerial considerations in usefulness of hidden and unhidden knowledge in the organizations. In order to implement knowledge management based information system, there is need for a systematic and long-term approach, but one can implement some degrees of this system with equipment available in the organizations. In this article, we present a combined model of knowledge management in organizational information databases information aggregation while studying concept of information aggregation and knowledge management with strategic look. What is important is that knowledge management will be used as an important but not main factor. For compiling information database architecture, techniques relating to XML and information saving have been regarded textual. Y7g bIn order to assess and optimize the compiled model, genetic algorithm techniques has been used. In the presented model, four operational modules have been specified on which basis 15 genes have been identified and genes are assessed and optimized with regard to theory of experts and final model was compiled on the basis of final output resulting from optimization.

The main purpose of this research is to determine the effect of job demand and job control in job design on job stress and subjective well-being. The population of the research was all the personnel of Isfahan Petrochemical Company in Iran from which 151 persons were randomly selected via simple random technique. The research method was correlational. To gather the required data, the following three instruments were used: Job Design Questionnaire of Wall, Jackson and Mullarkey (1995), Subjective Well-being Questionnaire of Mollavi (1386), and Job Stress of Eliot (1994). The obtained data were analyzed via one group MANOVA and multiple regressions. The findings were as follow: The relationships between job demand with job stress (P < 0.05) and positive affect (P < 0.01) were significant. Also, the relationships between job control with job stress (P < 0.01), subjective well-being (P < 0.01), positive affect (P < 0.01) and negative affect (P < 0.01) were significant. In the current research, employees were categorized as the Technical, Support and General staff. The results of subgroup analysis via one- way ANOVA showed that the job stress and subjective well-being of three groups have a significant difference.

The aim of this work was to investigate the most effective extraction conditions for the production of thevetia seed protein concentrate of reduced cardiac glycoside content. Alcoholic extraction of the glycosides was studied as a function of time, solvent to meal ratio and solvent composition. Thevetia seed meal was extracted with 10:1, 15:1 and 20:1 solvent to meal ratios, for 45 min, 12, 24 and 48 h. the isolated compounds were characterized by spectral techniques and structure of the compounds were proposed.

Present study was carried out to develop and validate a research instrument for the measurement of occupational stress among the medical doctors working in teaching hospitals. Review of literature was done and focus group discussions were held in order to generate items for the instrument. Initially item pool thus gathered, constituted of 80 items falling under the dimensions of psychological, physiological, social adjustment and personal life. After qualitative item analysis the items were reduced to 61 in order the establish reliability and validity of the statement empirically 61 statements were administered on 150 doctors working in teaching hospitals situated in Rawalpindi region namely Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Hospital, Holy Family Hospital and Fauji Foundation Hospital. The data was subjected to prinicipal factor analysis; as a result five factors were extracted called subscales. Psychometric properties and percentile norm were determined for the final occupational stress scale for the medial doctors. Finding demonstrates that 44 items OSSMD is a reliable and valid instrument to be used to the measurement of occupational stress of the medical doctors working in the hospitals.