Archives-December 2016

Environmentally sustainable (green) supply chain management (GSCM) has emerged as an important organizational philosophy to achieve corporate profit and market share objectives by reducing environmental risks and impacts while improving ecological efficiency of these organizations and their partners companies. The number of organizations contemplating the integration of environmental practices into their strategic plans and daily operations is continuously increasing day to day. Numerous initiatives have provided incentives for organizations to become more environmentally benign. Organizations view many of these environmental programs, which may include technological and organizational development projects, as possible alternatives for gaining or maintaining a competitive advantage. One environmental program area that continues to gain in importance is one that focuses on the external relationships among organizations. Environmentally conscious business practices have been receiving increasing importance from both researchers and practitioner’s point of view. Interdisciplinary research has integrated the efforts of management, engineering, physical and social sciences to investigate the issues relevant to this GSCM. Similarly, multifunctional groups within organizations and external stakeholders have a role in decisions related to organizations and the natural environment. Green supply chain decisions are one of the latest issues facing organizations with strong internal and external linkages.

The Erbium doped KDP crystals were grown by Sankaranarayanan-Ramasamy (SR) method with the vision to improve the properties of the crystal. The chemical composition of the grown crystals is confirmed by EDAX Analysis. The grown crystal was characterized by PXRD and UV-Vis analysis. The SHG efficiency is determined by Kurtz powder technique. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and ac conductivity of the crystal were studied. The functional groups are identified by FT-Raman analysis. The Optical transmission and SHG studies shows the suitability of the ingot for optical applications.

The Electrical Resistivity investigation was carried out around, Kandili Panchayat union, Vellore District, to identified the moderate and deep depth of groundwater potential zone and understand the subsurface geologic layer, the maximum electrode separation 360m by schlumberger configuration. Geologically, denoted metamorphic rock, basement of Precambrian age. The field data obtained have been analyzed using IPI2WIN software, Inverse slope which gives an automatic interpretation of the apparent resistivity data was interpreted. The investigation data from groundwater potential zone divided as priority vies minimum to maximum resistivity value, (I- Kannalapatti 0.010 to 0.805), (II-Koratti0.042 to 1.077), (III-Thokkium 0.054 to 3.651), (IV –Natham 0.045 to 4.124), (V-S.Pallipattu0.195 to 6.108). Key Words: Vertical Electrical Sounding, Groundwater Potential Zone, Kandili Panchayat Union.

The present review covers the literature of digital video watermarking schemes based on considering the video during encoding or encoded video in an increasing order of their publication year from 1998 to 2016. Through extensive literature, some grouping is required. Therefore, only papers published by a method of peer review in high class journal are reviewed. Most of the papers are deals with MPEG structure. Few papers are following the structure of H.264/AVC. These articles include experimental, analytical and numerical work for specific applications. This review also takes papers from good conferences and meeting on video watermarking in addition to above reviewing journal articles. The limitations and the still existing challenges are described in the later part of the review facilitate for those authors who further require doing some innovative work in this field. Eventually, the aim of the authors is to covers the in-depth discussion on already published literature based on compressed domain video watermarking.

Industrialization is essential to meet up upcoming demands of the evolution. All the industrial activity releases some amount of by-products as pollution into the environment. Iron and steel industry is one of a major heavy industries of Chhattisgarh and considered as resource intensive and pollution prone and added pollution to air, water resources, precious land. In central India many of the integrated iron and steel industry is highly polluting, non-compliant and resource-inefficient. The aim of the present review is to understand and aware with the pollution, mainly (i) stack emission as air pollution, and (ii) heavy metal leaching from piling slag, by steel plants in Chhattisgarh, central India region.

Interrupted aortic arch a rare abnormality, is the discontinuity of the ascending and descending aorta. There are three types which are classified based on the area of interruptions. They are Type-A, Type-B and Type-C. In the Type-A form, the interruptions occurs distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery. Type-B interrupted left aortic arch is characterized by the interruption that occurs between the left subclavian artery and left common carotid artery. Type-C variants are due to the interruption or discontinuity between the innominate artery and the left common carotid artery.

The Truncus Arteriosus (TA) is a vast developmental structure which is present during fetal life and normally divides off to form two separate arteries, the Aorta and the Pulmonary artery. In Persistent Truncus Arteriosus (PTA), the Truncus Arteriosus doesn’t divide, giving rise to a single, large trunk, with a correlation between the Aorta and Pulmonary artery, thereby allowing the mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the Fetus. This article aims to discuss in the detail, the origin of this congenital heart anomaly and how it affects the population with focus on related clinical studies and possible remedies.

Experiment was set up in 2013 at the experimental field of Savannah Agriculture Research Institute to evaluate the effect of split nitrogen application on growth and yield of lowland rice. It was made up of ten treatments laid out in split plot design with three replications. Treatments were made up of two low land rice varieties (Jasmine and Degang) randomly assigned to main plots and five levels of N fertilization (control, 60 kg NPK/ha, 60 kg NPK/ha + 30 kg N/ha, 60 kg NPK/ha + 15 + 15 kg N/ha and 60 kg NPK/ha +10 + 10 + 10 kg N/ha) randomly assigned to sub plots. Fertilizers used were NPK (15-15-15) and Sulfan (24% nitrogen). Variety x split N fertilization had no significant (P>0.05) effect on all parameters measured. Main effect of variety and split N fertilization significantly (P<0.05) affected most parameters measured, especially grain yield. Jasmine proved superior to Degang in grain yield. Application of 60 kg NPK/ha + 30 N/ha optimized rice growth and maximized yield similar to 60 kg NPK/ha + 15 kg N/ha + 15 kg N/ha and 60 kg NPK/ha + 10 kg N/ha + 10 kg N /ha + 10 kg N/ha. Application of 60 kg NPK/ha + 30 N/ha is recommended for increase rice yield and income of farmers, as split application at 15 + 15 kg N/ha and 10 + 10 + 10 kg N/ha attract additional labour cost.

This study investigates the effects of malaria drugs on children of different gender under the age of five in Nigeria (Umuahia in Abia State as a case study). It was carried out by applying descriptive statistical methods and Poisson log linear regression model on different malaria drugs. To achieve this, five age groups in months (<12, 12-23, 24-35, 36-47, 48-59) and gender (male and female) were used. Secondary datasets were collected from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2013 and department of Health and Human Services, Abia State University, Uturu. The result shows that the rate of usage of all malaria drugs considered in this study is similar for all age groups. However more males than females received Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy (ACT). The only significant difference found is between the Amodiaquine and Chloroquine, The study therefore concludes that the effect of malaria drugs is dependent on age and gender. Apart from all the main effects of all the variables being significant, there is also a statistically significant interaction between gender, age and drug, p = 0.00134. The poissson regression result predict that in the last 12months, there is a 4.9% and 6.7% increase in the number of gender and drugs respectively considered yearly with (95% CI. 0.281 to 1.678 and 0.006 to 1.033), and also a statistical significant results, P-value = 0.010 & 0.004 respectively.

A subset D of the vertex set V(G) of a graph G is said to be a dominating set if every vertex not in D is adjacent to atleast one vertex in D. A dominating set D is said to be an eccentric dominating set if for every v ? V?D, there exists atleast one eccentric point of v in D. A subset D is a distance closed set of G if for each vertex u ? D and for each w ? V?D, there exists atleast one vertex v ? D such that d(u, v) = dG(u, w). An eccentric dominating set D of G is a distance closed eccentric dominating set if the induced subgraph is distance closed. The minimum of the cardinalities of the distance closed eccentric dominating set is called as the distance closed eccentric domination number ?dced(G) of G. In this paper, bounds for ?dced(G), its exact value for some particular classes of graphs and some results on distance closed eccentric domination number are obtained.