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Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) thin films supported on glass substrates have been fabricated by employing Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP) technique. Precursor solution for the spraying was prepared by placing NH4F and SnCl2.2H2O at a weight ratio of 1 to 9 in a solution of acetic acid ? and distilled water. Three films of different thicknesses were prepared corresponding to spray times of 10, 20, and 30 minutes, resulting in 13, 22, and 45 nm thick films. The optical, structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the fabricated films have been investigated. X-ray diffraction studies revealed a polycrystalline fluorine-tin oxide phase with monoclinic crystalline structure, predominantly with (201), (130), (222), and (510) oriented films. The measured sheet resistances of the films were 38 ?/cm, 150 ?/cm, and 300 ?/cm and the highest measured optical transmittance in the visible range were 87.4%, 70% , and 36% respectively.

In all developing countries like Benin, medicinal plants were the most widely used especially in rural areas to solve health problems in humans and in animal’s life. But despite this use, all the mysteries of nature were not yet perceived by human. This paper reports the results of the chemical and biological studies of two plants, Khaya senegalensis and Pseudocedrela kotschyi used by farmers in Benin in the treatment of gastro-intestinal diseases in livestock. Throughout the results, we noted in both samples the presence of several secondary metabolites such as saponins, catechic tannins, polyphenols, mucilages, flavonoids, anthocyanins, leuco anthocyanin, reducing compounds, sterols and terpenes. Concerning the extraction yield of metabolites, the binary water-ethanol (50/50) showed the best results compared to each of the two solvents used separately. Concerning the polyphenols content, it varied in the same plant depending of the extraction solvent nature. The test results of the scavenging activity showed a better one with the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of P. kotschyi whereas the stem bark of Khaya senegalensis extracted with semi-ethanol was the most active. Both extracts displayed similar activities (CI50= 4 ?g/ml) more pronounced than that of the reference compound used in this study, the BHA (CI50=4.8 µg/mL). The results of antibacterial activity of the ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of trunk bark of P. kotschyi had bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Concerning K. senegalensis, the ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts showed an interesting antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia.

Existing driving behavior models have a strong emphasis on the driver’s cognitive components including aspects such as motivation, risk assessment, attention, compensation, capability, workload, individual traits and experience. Each existing model was designed specifically for a particular driving situation such as speeding or fatigue. This system defines a framework for a new context aware driving behavior model capable of predicting driver’s behavior. This approach broadens the cognitive focus of existing driving behavior models to integrate contextual information related to the vehicle, environment, driver and the interactions between them. In this system used to consist of different types of sensors such as alcohol sensor, eye blink sensor, lane detection sensor, heart beat sensor, accident sensor. And also mainly used to GSM modem, GPS receiver, RFID reader and finger print scanner. GSM and GPS based vehicle location and tracking system will provide effective, real time vehicle location, mapping and reporting this information value and adds by improving the level of service provided. The system has an “On Board Module" which resides in the vehicle to be tracked and a "Base Station" that monitors data from the various vehicles. The On Board module consists of GPS receiver, a GSM modem. The Alcohol Sensor is used to sense weather the person driving the car taken Alcohol or not and this data is also given to ADC, The ADC is used in this system because the signal comes from the Sensors are analog in nature, so we want to convert the Analog signals into digital signal for this purpose ADC is used. Heart Beat sensor used in the system is used to sense the heart beat of the person driving the vehicle and sends the data to the embedded system, and the eye blink sensor is used to sense the person driving the vehicle is sleeping or not. Accident sensor is used to identify weather the vehicle is running in normal condition or not when the accident occurs it send the information to the embedded system. The Embedded system is programmed like when it receives the signal from the signal sensor it activates the Vehicle system control system and level converter unit. And also this system consist of RFID reader and finger print sensor is used to prevent non-licensees from driving and therefore causing accidents. And identify the person going to drive the vehicle is the owner of the vehicle or not.

Table of contents for the month of November 2015

We are very happy to announce that from 16th October 2015, Mr. P. Swaminathan has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Mr. P. Swaminathan working as Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore. The appointment of Mr. P. Swaminathan as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

We are very happy to announce that from 20th May 2016, Mr. Pranit Maruti Patil has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Mechanical Engineering. Mr. Pranit Maruti Patil working in Gharda Institute of Technology, Lavel. The appointment of Mr. Pranit Maruti Patil as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

We are very happy to announce that from 22nd January 2016, Ms. Mamta Gurung has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Economics. The appointment of Ms. Mamta Gurung as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

This study intended to verify the feasibility of laser-arc hybrid welding to dissimilar materials joints between high strength steel (AH32) and stainless steel (STS304L). For this, hybrid welding process for dissimilar materials was optimized by varying four parameters (welding speed, welding current, wire feeding rate, welding voltage) through Grey-based Taguchi analysis. A Grey relational analysis of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), welding depth to width ratio (D/W) and absorbed energy (AE) attained from the Taguchi method can optimize the multiple-performance characteristics of the Grey relational grade. Moreover, hardness values and fatigue strength of welded joints fabricated under welding condition optimized by Grey-based Taguchi analysis were investigated. From the results, it was found that the initial visual test of the welds could be classified as very stringent (Quality B') in quality levels for weld imperfections based on EN ISO 13919-1. In the tensile test of welded joints, the damaged part was in BM of STS304L side. Tensile strength of welded joints in dissimilar materials was comparable to that of STS304L base material. Hardness values at distances of 3mm and 12mm over the bottom surface of welded joints were in the order of WM > HAZ > BM. The hardness of welded joints exhibits within the acceptable range (the maximum value 340Hv~360Hv). Dissimilar materials hybrid welded joints exhibited almost same fatigue strength for similar material STS304L SAW welded joints and lied well above the design curve(level D) for JSSC.

Poka yoke is a very powerful set of technique that either keeps defects from occurring or indicating immediately when a defect occurs. It relies on creativity and common sense to create low cost, effective inspection devices. Like many quality tools, mistake-proofing is not a solution for every kind of defect or quality problem. The poka yoke aims to reduce the rejection, increase the production and avoid fatigue of worker. The beauty of this lies in that anyone, from manager to line supervisor to line employee can bring this concept into service. These devices are used either to prevent the special causes that result in defects, or to inexpensively inspect each item that is produced to determine whether it is acceptable or defective. The paper contains poka yoke fundamentals to improve the production of lever cam follower and to achieve the target of zero defects over the whole process machining.

We are very happy to announce that from 15th September 2015, Prof. Deepankar Kumar Ashish has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Civil Engineering. Prof. Deepankar Kumar Ashish working as an Associate Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Kalujhanda, Barotiwala, Baddi, Distt. Solan, Hp- 174 103, India. The appointment of Prof. Deepankar Kumar Ashish as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.