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Architecture reflects the spirit of time and through the study of its various characteristics in different historical periods, the age dominant social policies are detectable. The concentration on such a correlation has got the more significance in the recent years, especially in evolving or developing countries like Iran. This essay, through the analysis of Iran condition during the five post Revolution governments and through the extraction of the statesmen’s various mottos is to identify the fundamental political orientations in different presidencies. Then, through the analysis of fifty architectural works as the case-study in each presidency (four hundred and fifty cases in total), referring to the texts that expressed the architects’ comments about their own works, is to determine the architects’ professional approaches in each period. The adaptive comparison of the architects’ approaches and the political orientations in each presidency through the Comparative Analysis can determine the kind and quality of the interaction between architecture and politics or city and social evolutions in each presidency. According to the accomplished studies, a kind of meaningful correlation between the political mottos of different governments and the architects’ professional orientations is definable; but the research most significant achievement suggests the emergence of a new generation of the Iranian contemporary architects in the Justice Government who, indifferent to the current policies, peruse their own determined principles and ideals, the principles like democracy, tolerance or discourse which correspond to the Reform Government orientations.

The long shadows of two world wars of 1914-18 and 1939-45 lay across the 20th Century. The political consequences of the I World war were Communism in Russia and as a reaction against this, Totalitarianism in Germany and Italy. The Second World war split the world into two blocks- the East dominated by Russia and the West by America.

We are very happy to announce that from 17th June 2015, Prof. Shekhar Salunke has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Ecology & Environment, Natural Resources Conservation. Prof. Shekhar Salunke currently working as Lecturer in Biology & Environmental Education at Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur, India. The appointment of Prof. Shekhar Salunke as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. 

Distributed file systems (DFS) is one of the important building blocks for cloud computing environment which supports Map Reduce programming pattern where nodes at the same time serve both computing as well as the storage functions. A file is partitioned into variety of chunk units allotted in different nodes in order that the Map Reduce tasks can be carried out in parallel over the nodes. However, in cloud environment, files can be dynamically performs all the operation like creation, deletion, and modification. These consequences in load imbalance on the storage resources; that is, the different file modules are not distributed as consistently as possible among the nodes. A fully distributed load balancing algorithm is offered to manage with the load imbalance problem and thus it increases the overall performance of the system.

In this work, the experimental and theoretical study on vibrational spectra of 2,5-Dichloroaniline (25DCA) were studied. The molecular structure, fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of the vibrational bands are interpreted with the aid of structure optimizations and normal coordinate force field calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP method with 6-311+G** basis set combination. Complete vibrational assignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of the compound were carried out using the observed FT-IR and FT Raman data. Simulated FTIR and FT Raman spectra for 25DCA showed good agreement with the observed spectra. Mulliken analysis of atomic charges is also calculated. The calculated HOMO–LUMO energies shows that charge transfer occur within the molecule. The dipole moment (?) and First-order hyperpolarizability (?0) of the molecule have been reported. Electronic excitation energies, oscillator strength and nature of the respective excited states were calculated by the closed-shell singlet calculation method for the molecule.

This study was designed to examine the effects of different concentrations of endosulfan on accumulation of antioxidants and total phenolics, in an aquatic fern Azolla microphylla Methods: Azolla microphylla were collected from paddy fields, Department of Biological Sciences, SHIATS, Allahabad. Fronds were cleaned, washed and experiment was carried at an interval of 3 and 7days using 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 600 ppm concentrations of endosulfan. The total phenol content was estimated by Folin–Ciocalteu assay and its antioxidant activity was determined by free radical scavenging DPPH assay, Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) assay and Guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) assay. The highest total phenolic content (TPC), enzyme and antioxidant activity was observed at 200 ppm and 100 ppm after 3rd and 7th day of incubation respectively. After that there was there was gradual decrease in phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity showed increment at lower concentrations however a significant reduction in TPC and antioxidant activity was observed at higher concentrations suggesting a loss in antioxidant power of this potential eco-friendly fern.

The synthesis of non-electrolyte mixed-ligand complexes of the general formula [M(Hdmg)B], Ni(II), Hdmg=dimethylgloximato monoanion, B=2-aminophenol(2-aph), diethylamine (dea) or malonic acid (MOH) has been synthesized and characterized. However theoretical calculations were carried out to obtain the geometric and thermodynamic parameters, vibrational and electronic parameters, dipole moments and HOMO-LUMO band gaps of the complex with different substituents. These properties were obtained using the PM3 and DFT with B3LYP at 6-31G* level. Comparisons were made on the calculated bond length, bond angle, dihedrals and vibrational frequencies and it was observed that the calculated data are in good agreement with experimental data.

In a network multiple clients sends multiple messages from multiple computers to one computer at the same time, the problem of jamming occurs at the intermediate node, So that the opponents can easily target the messages of high importance. Opponents are able to retrieve the data from the messages. This problem is overcome by using the cryptographic primitives to prevent jamming attacks. In internal threat model, RSA algorithm provides security to message transmission over the network. The schemes to prevent jamming attacks such as Strong Hiding Commitment Schemes (SHCS), Cryptographic Puzzles Hiding Schemes (CPHS), and All-Or-Nothing Transformation Hiding Schemes (AONTSHS).

Physical quantity is a topic in the elective physics syllabus in taught in all categories of senior high schools two (SHS2) in Ghana and science students are to show an appreciable understanding of its measurement. However, serious doubt have been raised in the Physics Chief Examiner’s report of the West African Examination Council of Ghana of both physics-1 (theory) and physics-2 (practical) as to whether science students really understand measurement of physical quantities. In view of this, the researcher used a mixed designed method to gather data from SHS3 physics students’ on their understanding of measurement uncertainty of length and time. A population of 422 SHS3 physics students were sampled and a two item questionnaire on distance and time administered in order to find out whether the problem enumerated by the Chief Examiners’ of Physics concerning physics students exist and were either with the set paradigm or the point paradigm concept. Also five SHS3 physics were purposively selected and interviewed in order to validate students’ written responses. The study revealed that students do not have an understanding of measurement uncertainty by the set paradigm concept. Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that physics teachers should make effort to make scientific measurement by the set paradigm concept relevant to all senior high school science students in Volta region of Ghana.

Paprika oleoresin, obtained from capsicum species is used as a natural colourant and flavour enhancer in food and pharmaceuticals and is shown to be effective free radical scavengers including potential antioxidative and anticancer properties. The current investigation aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of developed MPO (Microencapsulated Paprika Oleoresin) on EAC tumour model. Male Swiss albino mice were divided into 6 groups (n=12). Group I (normal) animals received normal saline solution orally, all the other groups (Group II to VI) were injected with EAC cells (0.2 ml of 2 x106 cells/mouse) intraperitoneally. MPO at different doses such as 0.5, 2.5 and 5 mg. kg-1.mouse-1.day-1 and standard drug 20mg of 5 Flurouracil kg-1.mouse-1.day-1 were administered orally through gavage for 14 days to group III, IV, V and VI respectively. Anti tumor effect of MPO was assessed by observing the changes with respect to body weight, packed cell volume, viable and non-viable tumor cell count, median survival time and percentage increase in life span (% ILS). Ingestion of 5 mg of MPO produced desirable changes in cancer induced mice and it was comparable with the EAC mice treated with 5FU 20 mg/kg body weight. In addition, MPO facilitated to reverse the changes by tumor growth proving its health benefits.