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Salt stress as a major adverse factor can lower leaf water potential, leading to reduced turgor and some other responses, and ultimately lower crop productivity in arid and semi arid zones. To better understand salt stress responses in crop plants, we compared effects of salinity stress on growth, chlorophyll content and osmotic components in cresses that were grown in controlled environment in Hoagland nutrient solution containing 0, 5o, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl, respectively. Proline, soluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll ‘a, b’ and carotenes of leaves were determined 30 days after initiation of salinity stress. The results reveal that salinity caused significant decreases in growth of cress plants as measured by fresh weight. By increasing NaCl levels from 0 to 200 mM, the content of chlorophyll a and b, and carotenes reduced. Maximum reduction was observed at 200 mM of NaCl. Mean values of data showed that Lepidium sativum had the maximum reduction of chlorophyll a and b, and carotenes under salinity stress. In this study, salinity had no significant effect on soluble carbohydrate but the proline content varied among the cresses whether the plants were grown with or without salinity stress.

P2P networks has been used over the years to overcome the problem of node failure & service availability in the client server network but it is found that the some nodes in P2P networks actually process less number of requests as compared to the number of request forwarded to a particular node. But as the number of requests send at a node increases the number of request processed at a particular node increases. This paper presents the comparative analysis of resource utilization in peer to peer networks.

The State of the art of concrete filled steel tubular columns is presented in this paper. Experimental data has been collected and compiled in a comprehensive format listing parameters involved in the study. Areas of further research are presented and results of ongoing experimental and numerical investigations are also shown.

Cover change study was carried out within and adjacent to peri-urban mangroves of Mtwapa in Kilifi County using medium resolution Landsat (1990; 2000), SPOT (2009) imageries and a mangrove species vector map of 1992. The objective of the study was to assess the temporal mangrove cover change with respect to the immediate land cover changes surrounding the creek. Between 1992 and 2009 Mangrove forest cover saw a loss of 21%. Land-cover from 1990 to 2009 revealed high rate of upland deforestation (3.85% yr-1) and an increase in agricultural land (13.9% yr-1). There is need for reforestation and conservation of the remaining patches of upland forests as well as establishment of riparian zones to enhance soil retention to minimize sedimentation.

This paper presents a novel approach to the design and implementation of CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Devices) based DAS (Data Acquisition System) for varies application. This technique performs the acquisition of physical signal, conversion of analog signal to digital signal and storing of the information. The core heart of the proposed system is CPLD, which allows individual modules on a chip to work independently from each other which is configured and programmed to acquire real time data. The data for the process is acquired using suitable temperature and gas sensors. Signal conditioners are designed for each sensor and are tested in real time. The ADC0808 (analog to digital converter) is adopted for this system, which is a high speed monolithic CMOS device with an 8-bit, 8-channel analog-to-digital converter using successive approximation as the conversion technique. Cool Runner-II CPLD by Xilinx is used as the main controller from which all modules are implemented in VHDL using Xilinx ISE Design Suite9.2 and simulated using Isim.

In a deregulated electricity industry, congestion is most likely to occur and FACTS devices have been proven to be very effective in mitigating this challenge. In this paper a sensitivity based analysis is used to determine the optimal place to locate series FACTS devices, the device used for the investigation is Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). This approach was tested on the South East Nigerian 11 – bus network. The Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), was used for the simulation of the system. The load flow results obtained showed the effectiveness of the method.

Pedagogical content knowledge exerts significant driving influence in educational research of teachers. PCK is a basic guarantee for teachers to become expert educators. For physics teachers, PCK is a knowledge synthesis which is developed in a specific teaching situation. PCK development of physics teachers needs the accumulation of time and experience. There are many methods to develop physics teachers’ PCK, such as self-study, teaching reflection and school-based educational research.

We are very happy to announce that from 11th November 2013, Dr. Abbas Khodayari has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Physical Education and Sport Science. Dr. Abbas Khodayari is currently working as Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Azad University, Karaj, Iran. The appointment of Dr. Abbas Khodayari as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 13th April 2013, Dr. Ashok G. Matani has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Energy Conservation, Environment, Pollution, General Management, Industrial Engineering. Dr. Ashok G. Matani is currently working as Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Govt. College of Engineering, V.M. V. P. O., Amravati- 444604 [M.S.] India. The appointment of Dr. Ashok G. Matani as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 1st August 2012, Dr.N.S.Kumar has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Civil Engineering. Dr.N.S.Kumar is currently associated with Director (R&D) Civil Engineering, Ghousia College of Engineering, Ramanagara, Bangalore, India. The appointment of Dr.N.S.Kumar as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief