Archives- 

Power consumption of system level on chip communications is becoming more significant in the overall system on chip power as technology scales down. High bandwidth is desired to enhance parallelism for better performance, and the power efficiency on this bandwidth is critical to the overall SoC power consumption. Current bus architectures such as AMBA, Core connect, and Avalon are convenient for designers but not efficient on power. This paper proposes a physical synthesis scheme for on chip buses and bus matrices to minimize the power consumption, without changing the interface or arbitration protocols. By using a bus gating technique, data transactions can take shortest paths on chip, reducing the power consumption of bus wires to minimal. Routing resource and bandwidth capacity are also optimized by the construction of a shortest-path Steiner graph, wire sharing among multiple data transactions, and wire reduction heuristics on the Steiner graph. In this paper, we optimize on-chip bus communications on the tradeoffs between minimal power, maximal bandwidth, and minimal total wire length. Based on AMBA protocols, we modify the bus structure using a “bus gating” technique, and apply optimizations which are biased toward minimal power, but also favor bandwidth and routing resource.

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbines have arisen as the leading technologies in wind power market as they offer a variable-speed, economically viable and efficient alternative to the fossil fuel. The present paper comprises of a wind energy conversion system which is simulated using two level pulse width modulation (PWM) converter as well as three level (PWM) converter and their performance under normal and fault conditions are compared. It is observed that multi-level inverters generate purer sinusoidal voltage with reduced total harmonic distortion thus bringing an improvement in the quality of generated power.

Seeds of Vigna aconitifolia Jacq.(mataki seeds) pre-soaked in cell free culture filtrate of post-harvest sapota fungi viz.Geotrichum candidum, Aspergillus niger and Rhizoctonia solani. Impact of effect of incubation period, pH and temperature on fungal metabolites from culture filtrates on seed germination was studied for toxicity. It is clear from the result that culture filtrate of all the post-harvest sapota fungi hampered percentage of mataki seed germination and showed reduction in root length and shoot length as compared to control.

The main objective of this paper is to find the optimum machining parameter for higher Material Removal Rate (MRR) in micro EDM on 316L stainless steel. The most important parameters like machining voltage, capacitance and sparkgap are considered in this experimentation. The experiments were conducted based on the full factorial design methodology. Multiple regression and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques were applied to predict the MRR. The predicted results are quite closer with the experimental results. S/N ratio was calculated to find the optimum values. ANOVA is carried out and the influence of machining parameters was found. The results show that the voltage is highly significant and the capacitance is the next significant than sparkgap on MRR.

Tuberculosis is considered a re-emerging disease and one of the most important health problems worldwide. Present investigation was the first attempt and the main objective of this research was to test the effect of Acacia nilotica L. leaf and stem bark extracts against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain. Nitrate Reductase Assay (NRA) method was used to determine the MIC range of plant extracts against the mycobacterial strain. Both bark and leaves methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Acacia nilotica L. was observed to possess anti-tuberculosis activity. However, out of them leaves methanolic extract possessed highest antimycobacterial activity as determined by their respective MIC range (0.980 – 3.92 mg/ml ).

We are very happy to announce that from 6th August 2011, Prof. Yin-Hao Chiu has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Architecture and Urban Design. Prof. Yin-Hao Chiu is currently working at Department of Architecture and Urban Design, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan 11114, R. O. C. The appointment of Prof. Yin-Hao Chiu as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

The aim of this study was focused on investigating the possible protective effect of Alpinia Purpurata rhizome against Gentamicin -induced nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity was measured by various methods like creatinine, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and suppressed superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in renal tissues. Activity of serum creatinine and urea levels significantly increased as a result of nephrotoxicity in the Gentamicin group. Also, creatinine and urea levels significantly decreased in Alpinia Purpurata + Gentamicin groups. In the Gentamicin group, increased significantly (p<0.05) and SOD and GSH-Px activities decreased significantly (p<0.05) when compared with control group. Alpinia Purpurata administration with Gentamicin injection result significantly increased SOD and GSH-Px activities when compared with GS group. mononuclear cell infiltration, glomerular and basement membrane alterations were histopathologically detected in the kidneys of the Gentamicin group. Co-treatments with Alpinia Purpurata considerably decreased the renal damage when compared with the Gentamicin group. In conclusion Alpinia Purpurata rhizome acts in the kidney as a potent scavenger of free radicals to prevent the toxic effects of Gentamicin both in the biochemical and histopathological parameters.

A convenient, rapid and accurate chromatographic method was developed for authentication and quality control of commercial product Flos Arnicae. Chromatography (HPTLC or TLC) was performed on silica gel 60 F254 (Merck) plates with toluene–dioxane –acetic acid (95:25:4) as mobile phase. Compounds were visualized by spraying with ‘Naturstoffreagenz A’ reagent. Detection was performed at ?=366 nm. Eight flavonoid aglycones were detected of the exudates of Arnica montana and Arnica chamissonis by co-chromatography with authentic markers. Differences in the fluorescence emission were observed in flavonoid profiles between A. montana and A. chamissonis under mentioned above conditions of analysis. Flavonoid profile of Arnica montana is presented by flavonoids with brown fluorescence while the flavonoid profile of Arnica chamissonis is composed of flavonoids with yellow-green fluorescence. These visually noted differences of the flavonoid profiles of the both species allow they to be quickly distinguished. The proposed method could be used for quality control of identity and purity of commercial product Flos Arnicae.

This study was conducted to evaluate aqueous & ethanolic extracts of Ficus racemosa for wound healing properties in presence of dexamethasone depressed healing conditions. Reversal mechanism of dexamethasone depressed wound healing properties by Ficus racemosa was determined using the incision and excision wound model. Both the extract reverted the dexamethasone depressed healing effectively when compared with dexamethasone treated group. The results were comparatively significant (p ? 0.05).

This paper investigates the extent to which the electorates’ culture plays a role in parliamentary elections in Webuye Constituency, Kenya. The main assumption is that the electorates’ culture influences peoples' attitudes and choices. Three objectives form the basis of the paper. These are: to assess the role of the electorates’ moral values in parliamentary elections, to examine the role of electorates’ patriarchal values in parliamentary elections and to investigate the impact of electorates’ oral traditions in campaigns and voting patterns during parliamentary elections. The Interaction Interpretive theory is the main tool used to probe various aspects and elements of politics. The paper is organized into three sections. Section one covers the background information to the paper, statement of the problem, objectives of the paper, literature review and theoretical framework. Research methodology, results and discussion are in sections two, three and four respectively. Primary data is collected from oral interviews, observation and questionnaires while secondary data is collected mainly from written materials like published books, periodicals, newspapers, journals and Internet. The target population is randomly and in specific cases purposively sampled. The findings are presented according to each research objective mainly using tables. Percentages are computed to give a clear statistical picture of the state of issues under investigation.