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The research work is conducted on the firms in the chemical sector of Pakistan. This is a capital intensive industry and an important sector of the economy. The data has been collected from 2009-13 and includes cross sectional regression analysis. The dependent variables are accounting based return on equity and returns on assets while independent are the debt ratio and total debt to total equity ratio. The results indicate that the capital structure holds a significant positive relationship with return on asset and return on equity. The firms in this sector have a high debt to equity and debt to asset ratio and the results are against the pecking order theory that states that firms prefer to generate funds from internal sources and have a least preference for debt financing.

This paper presents an advanced step to the concept of car black-box in developing a comprehensive vehicle safety system which would not only record the video and audio, but also try to prevent a possible collision by limiting the speed of the vehicle in accident-prone areas. In case of an accident, the time and location (co-ordinates) is sent through GSM to a preset number for immediate rescue and treatment of accident, also recorded data can be used for forensics which would reveal law enforcement authority about the failure that caused accident, and give manufacturer an idea for improvement. So the motto is to develop an embedded integrated system consisting of microcontroller, power supply unit, sensors, memory, motor driver unit and GPS/GSM modem.

Assessment of Catford’s (2000, as cited in Munday, 2008) shift model of translation should not be simply seen as an applied model in translated scripts. There seems to be a need for more critical investigations on the model to bring forth its shortcomings when it is applied in translating dramas, since dramas differ from other types of scripts in that they are written to be played and the translation should evoke the same response to what has already been evoked by the original. Also, the shifts proposed in Catford’s (2000, as cited in Munday, 2008) model seem not to be of the same value and determining the degree of importance of each of these types of shift can be helpful in translator training. The article is trying to achieve these objectives by putting randomly selected twenty sentences of a play written by Woody Allen (1975) named “Death Knocks” and its translation by Hooshang Hessami (1376) in discussion. It was stated how different values might be attached to the types of shifts introduced by Catford (2000, as cited in Munday, 2008). Besides, it was discussed how the similar response in drama translation could be achieved in the target language, i.e., Persian through a new type of translation shift.

In this study, we concluded the Conformal Lagrangian Dynamics on (TM, ?,J) , being a model. Finally introduce, some geometrical and physical results on the related mechanic systems have been discussed.

Groundwater resources are essential to maintain a stable water supply to growing cities for the efficient farming region and for domestic purpose. Due to simplicity of the techniques, the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) has proved very popular with groundwater prospecting and engineering investigations. The main objective of the investigation is to delineate the subsurface lithology and to assess the groundwater resources of the study area. It also aims to focus on the identification of fracture zone and its thickness by using VES method. The life of a button bit in bore well drilling depends mainly on hardness of rock. As the hardness varies at different locations, the reliability of the button bit also varies accordingly. In order to arrive at the reliability, the life of the button bit in terms of depth of drilling has to be obtained. This can be converted in terms of time from the known velocity of drilling. It is proposed to arrive at the drill bit reliability from the obtained failure rate.

Population growth and increase need greater utilization of resources such as food, water, soil, energy, machinery, manpower and other inputs lead to use them more than last era for earn more production. And better management methods; minimize operational cost to reach maximum profitability more attention is placed on agricultural systems. Since sugar cane is one of the major plants under cultivation in the septet agro industry reach to 84000 hectares in Khuzestan province and a case study is Karun agro industry that has total area 40000 hectare which currently 25000 hectare is arable. On the other hand one of the most expenses in each agricultural production systems is machinery cost, increase in efficiency of farm machinery can affect on production costs. As regards in most cases manager of agricultural mechanization unit don’t know exactly how can use the machinery in different farm operation (tillage, planting, intercultural and harvest) at optimum condition and detect factors that lead to decrease in field efficiency. So consideration of farm machinery field efficiency is necessary. Between farm Operation, sugar cane harvesting is more important because have high volume of work. The purpose of this article is to show how Global Positioning Systems, or GPS data, can provide very useful information about the efficiency of sugarcane harvester. In the past, calculation of field efficiency was very difficult, time consuming, and required someone with a stopwatch on-site during operation. But now by combining GPS data in other software like: Garmin Map source, Google earth and Arch map can be used to produce maps of navigation and obtain farm machinery management factors like field efficiency, material capacity and field index that were calculate for this study 69%, 51.5 ton/hour and 63% respectively.

Spices show potential health benefits, as they possess antioxidant activity. Ginger and turmeric are major spices used in Indian cooking. Effects of cooking processes on the levels of antioxidants in ginger and turmeric extracts were studied. Water and acetone extracts of raw, boiled and roasted ginger and turmeric were analyzed using FRAP assay. In the case of ginger, antioxidant activity was found to be lower in extracts prepared after boiling and higher after roasting. The antioxidant activities in turmeric extracts prepared after boiling as well as roasting were higher.

Climatic responsive buildings are examples of a sensitive approach to energy consciousness for indoor comfort conditions. It has now become essential to develop energy efficient building design. The basis requirement of a building is to provide thermal comfort to its occupants. In modern buildings this is usually accomplished with the help of mechanical cooling or heating. With the advent of energy crisis there has been a need to develop climatic design tools which will provide thermal comfort in a building without or with minimum expenditure of energy. Climate determines the amount of solar radiation and mean outside temperature that a building is exposed to. Buildings are experiencing overheating during summer. For a built form, vertical surfaces are the most critical to the impact of solar radiation. This study examines the effect of different plan forms on the total solar radiation received by vertical surfaces of the buildings. The aim of this paper is to analyse the climatic conditions with respect to thermal comfort in buildings for the location of Bhubaneswar. The impact of building location and orientation on thermal comfort has been investigated. Different building shapes (square and rectangular) have been studied with variations in width-to-length ratio (aspect ratio) and building orientation. This study guides designers on choosing optimum form and appropriate orientation for buildings. The present paper describes how different plan forms are affected by solar radiation. Based on that the optimum aspect ratio (Length: Width) of the building over the location of Bhubaneswar has been found out which will receive minimum radiation in summer and maximum radiation in winter. This result in significant saving in the energy consumed while creating comfortable indoor environment.

Entrepreneurs in many small firms could not specialize in one specific functional area but are required to operate across the range of management competencies. Different strategies, techniques, styles of leadership have been evolved to manage people effectively. Leaders of the organization have to understand the logic behind this ideology and accordingly nurture Entrepreneurial Managerial behavior among their employees. This research finds out that there is perfect positive relationship between Transformational leadership and Entrepreneurial Managerial Behavior.

To evaluate the effectiveness of modulated frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on relieving pain after abdominal surgery. The study population was those who underwent abdominal surgery. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups (treated with frequency modulated TENS and placebo TENS). Both the groups were treated with the usual analgesic routine. The subjects received the treatments for 30 minutes at every time and each subject will be assessed 5 consecutive days. Per day the subject received treatment twice daily after 4 and 8 hours of post surgery. Pain was evaluated using a standard 11-point visual analog scale (VAS) before the application of TENS and after application of TENS (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120) post operative hours. The study population comprised of 60 subjects aged between 25 to 50 years. To evaluate the effectiveness of modulated frequency VAS was measured five times and compared between the experimental and control group. There was a difference in median pain score over a period of time (P < 0.001) between the groups expect at base line (P = 0.854). This study revealed that there was a relief in pain between the subjects over a short span of time. Hence the TENS after abdominal surgery is beneficial for the subjects with abdominal surgery incision. Since, the treatment has no observable side effects, and the pain-reducing effect persisted for 5 days, it is advisable for the subjects.