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Brain is a highly vascular organ and receives about 15% of cardiac output. The Circle of Willis (CoW) or Circulus arteriosus is a ring-like arterial structure located at the base of the brain. The circle of Willis has its greatest significance in collateral circulations of the brain specially in old people who may have reduced brain blood supply due to senile arteriosclerosis. Materials and methods: The study was therefore conducted on 20 brains obtained during routine anatomical dissection in the department of Anatomy. The formative pattern of the circle of Willi’s external diameters of internal carotid arteries were measured, length of the anterior communicating was also recorded. Results: Out of twenty specimens studied, 8 specimens showed variations in the formative pattern of circle of Willis. Like The basilar artery continued as Left posterior cerebral artery, Right posterior cerebral artery arising was from right internal carotid artery with Bilateral absence of Posterior communicating artery , right posterior cerebral artery was arising from Right internal carotid artery. Bilateral fetal type of Posterior cerebral arteries. A long anterior communicating artery of about one cm (10mm) was also observed in one of the cases. Though variations of the arteries at the base of the brain are common, it is necessary to be aware of all the variations as they may breed problems in the blood flow to the brain and may cause confusions in radiological procedures.

For high bit rates and long haul optical communication systems using a single-mode fiber, a modulator with low chirp and small size are demanded. An electro-absorption modulator is very attractive because it has some advantages of not only low chirp and small size but also the elimination of polarization control through monolithic integration with a distributed feedback (DFB) laser. The modulation bandwidth of traditional lumped electro-absorption modulators (EAMs) is usually limited by the RC time constant, but the effective resistance R and capacitance C are not easily extracted for advanced device geometries. This paper has presented the important transmission characteristics of EA modulators such as transmission performance efficiency, insertion loss, extinction ratio, , over wide range of the affecting parameters for different selected electro-absorption materials to be the major of interest.

Whether Oil price changes have an impact on the Stocks of KSE (Karachi Stock Exchange) or not? This study examines impact or relationship of Oil prices on stock returns with reference to KSE (Karachi Stock Exchange) Pakistan. Weekly data ranging from January 1998 to October 2010 is included and tested in this paper. This relationship is tested by using Descriptive Statistics and Correlation Matrix. Data Stationary is ensured by Unit Root Test. Evidence from Granger Causality and Impulse Response Test. The Results shows that Oil prices and shares prices in Pakistan has no long term relationship or impact on each other focusing on the data of KSE (Karachi Stock Exchange).

In this paper, we define a new algebraic structure of an anti Q-fuzzy normal HX group and lower level subset of an anti Q-fuzzy normal HX group and discussed some of its properties. We also define anti Q-fuzzy normalizer and establish the relation with anti Q-fuzzy normal HX group. Characterizations of lower level subsets of an anti Q-fuzzy HX subgroup of a HX group are given.

The object of the present paper is to give generalized relationships of space-times, for two different ordered reactions (order ?0, 1) occurring in a steady-state plug flow reactor, for special case of complete conversion. It is shown how the Hypergeometric function can be used in case of complete conversion; which in turn is related to Gauss’s pi function , given in literature [3], [4]. Several cases of working techniques with these relationships are also indicated briefly.

Food substances worthy of consumption have nutritive values of great dietary effect which in the first place attract people to eat them. As they contain the required nutrients, they also may contain some anti-nutritive substances which may or may not be in trace amounts. In this study sixteen commercial baby foods, comprising five different brands, available on the Ghanaian market have been analysed for their anti-nutrients content (oxalate and cyanogenic glycoside) adopting the method of Andrew and Visser (1951) and the Official Methods, (AOAC 915.03, 17^th Ed) together with their mineral Fe and Zn content using the method of Hernandez et al. (2004) with modification.  The total oxalate concentration levels in the 16 selected cereal brand baby food products ranged from 0.08 to 0.27 mg/g. The HCN concentration levels in the 16 selected cereal brand baby food products ranged from 0.07 to 0.36 mg/g. The concentration levels of Fe and Zn in the brand samples ranged between 24.12-220.76 mg/kg and 0.82-33.88 mg/kg respectively. The concentration levels ranged between 1.67-12.88 mg of total oxalate per serving for BFN-3 (rice based product) and BFB-2 (milk and honey based product) respectively whilst that of cyanogenic glycoside is 1.96-17.06 mg per serving for BFF-1(Lactea based product) and BFN-1 (fiber based product) respectively. Fe concentration levels ranging between 0.68-4.41mg per serving for BFC-3 (fruit and wheat based product) and BFN-4 (oat based product) respectively whilst that of Zn is 0.01- 1.15 mg per serving for BFBN-3 (muesli with apple) and BFN-3 (rice based product). Fourteen of the 16 cereal brand baby foods contained less than 10 mg oxalate per serving, defined as a low oxalate food. Differences in anti-nutritional factors within the brands were observed. The results of the analysis suggest that  oat based product, appear to offer better nutritional value partly due to its low ANF coupled with its relatively high mineral iron content.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Aspergillus niger (A. niger) degraded citrus pulp on the performance, nutrient utilization, haematological and serum biochemistry on layers. A total of two hundred and fifty two (252) laying birds that were thirty (30) weeks old were randomly allocated to the diets. Degraded and undegraded citrus pulps were used to formulate rations for laying birds for six weeks. There were seven treatments and treatment 1 was the control with 0% citrus pulp (CTP) inclusion level. The degraded and the undegraded CTP were used at 3, 5 and 7% inclusion levels. Thirty six birds were allocated to each of the diets with three (3) replicates at 12 birds each. A. niger mycelium was inoculated on milled citrus pulp by solid state fermentation method (SSF) for seven (7) days and the product was used as the degraded sample. The crude protein, gross energy, NFE and ash of the degraded citrus pulp rose from 14.10 to 16.14%, 2.88 to 3.79 Kcal/kg, 58.21to 61.31% and 4.61 to 5.11% respectively while the crude fibre content reduced from 8.15 to 6.41%. Result on performance of birds revealed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in egg production and feed intake. The highest egg production (89%) was recorded by the birds placed on 7% inclusion level of degraded citrus pulp (DCTP) while the least value (84%) was found in birds placed on birds fed 7% undegraded CTP (UCTP). The highest feed consumption (4.8 kg/bird/week) was found in treatment with highest level of UCTP (7%). In egg quality parameter, it was observed that there were significant (P>0.05) differences in weight of egg, weight of yolk, albumen and shell thickness. In the haematological and serum biochemistry, it was observed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in parked cell volume, mean corpuscular volume and total protein.

Fourteen accessions of Moringa oleifera Lam. made up of thirteen accessions collected from four geographical regions of Ghana and one from India were propagated and characterised using descriptors of International Plant Germplasm Resource Institute, IPGRI, with slight modifications. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in eighteen agro-morphological traits while similarity was observed in three qualitative morphological traits. General linear modelling analysis grouped the accessions into two distinct clusters based on phenology, vegetative, and pod morphological characteristics. Phenological and pod yield data were found to be reliable markers in distinguishing among the moringa accessions. The results of the characterisation showed the existence of an intra-specific diversity of the fourteen accessions of moringa studied. Cluster analysis based on morphological data revealed one major and one minor cluster with a genetic diversity (dissimilarity) range of 0.483 to 0.997. From principal component (PC) analysis, PC1 and PC2 contributed 55.50% and 23.27% respectively, with total variation of 79.27. However, each accession showed specificity to its regions of collection, and therefore implies these moringa accessions are not mixed up but could be considered as pure breeds.

Phishing is considered a form of web threats that is defined as the art of mimicking a website of an honest enterprise aiming to obtain user’s confidential credentials such as usernames, passwords and social security numbers. Social engineering and technical tricks are commonly combined together in order to start a phishing attack. The phishing attack starts by uploading the post on social network site which contain fraud URL that seems authentic to potential victims advising them to meet site and update or validate their information by following a URL link. The fraud user posts their comment on social network service that contains URL which are malicious. These malicious URL some time it contains malware or virus. When user clicks on these fraud URL Then viruses enter into user system and system gets affected. The proposed system Extraction of feature set for detecting fraud URL using ANN in social networking services effectively detect fraud URL with high accuracy.

This paper traces the colonial perspective in Amitav Ghosh’s The Glass Palace, a historical novel that presents the colonization of Burma and its impact on the royalty as well as the commoners. Post Colonial Literature is a body of literary writing that deals with the problems and consequences of the European colonization of the Middle East, Asia and Africa. The novel deals with the European greed and the cruelty of colonization as it unfolds over a period of hundred years of pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial Burmese history from the late 19th century to the end of the 20th century. It describes the effortlessness with which the country is captured by the British and the Burmese royalty deported to India and the aftermath of this incident in the lives of people. Through the life of RajKumar, the protagonist of the novel, the author unfolds the poignant accounts of people scattered through post- imperialist dislocation in various parts of the Asian Continent. The natives are presented as victims rather than foes of the colonizers. This paper presents the sordid reality of imperialism and its destructive effect on the social, psychological and ecological aspects of human life. The aspirations and disappointments of the colonized people are also brought forth as they try to ‘figure out their place in the world’