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In this paper an algorithm for alternate path is implemented. The evaluation matrices for the shortest available path are velocity of the leading vehicles, distance from source to destination and time delay to reach to destination. Simulation shows, if there is congestion on the current path then the node will find for an alternate shortest path in digital map to the destination. This will avoid the congestion on a single road at intersection points. But the system has to make search every time the vehicle found congestion on the way for destination. The graph given below shows, the traffic moving according to the pause time on the roads due to any reason like traffic light, accident or any other obstacle. X axis is labeled as time delay and Y axis contained no. of nodes/packets moving towards an intersection point to destination. Whenever the no of nodes becomes more, the pause time will be increased. Upper and lower points in the graph show congestion. At these points, where the graph goes upwards, the congestion is increased at a single intersection point. But where the graph goes downwards, the congestion is reduced to a lower value; because some nodes used alternate route/path to reach to the destination.

A combined experimental and theoretical studies were conducted on the molecular structure and vibrational, spectra of 3-methyl-2-nitro anisole (MNA). The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of (MNA) were recorded in the solid phase. The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies of MNA in the ground state have been calculated by using the ab-initio HF (Hartree-Fock) and density functional methods (B3LYP) invoking 6-31+G (d,p) basis set. The optimized geometric bond lengths and bond angles obtained by HF method shows best agreement with the experimental values. Comparison of the observed fundamental vibrational frequencies of MNA with calculated results by HF and density functional methods indicates that B3LYP is superior to the scaled HF approach for molecular vibrational problems. The difference between the observed and scaled wave number values of most of the fundamental is very small. The thermodynamic functions and atomic change of the title compound was also performed at HF/B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theories. A detailed interpretation of the NBO, NMR spectra of MNA was also reported. The thermodynamic function of the title compound was also performed at HF/6-31+G (d,p) and B3LYP/6-31+G (d,p) level of theories. Natural bond orbital analysis has been carried out to explain the change transfer or delocalization of change due to the intra-molecular interactions. Energy of the highest occupied molecular (HOMO) orbital and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) molecular orbital have been predicted.

Rice husk, agricultural waste material of environmental  impact,  was carbonized at temperatures of 300 - 600⁰C in an oven for 2h, after which its adsorption capacities was investigated for the adsorption of acenaphthene in synthetic aqueous solution, at increasing concentrations (50–150mg/L). The yields of carbon obtained from the raw rice husk ranged from 20 - 40 % (w/w), while the adsorption capacities of rice husk increased with increasing carbonization temperature and increasing initial concentration of acenaphthene. The removal efficiencies of the rice husk increased from 71.37 - 80.56% as the carbonization temperature increased from 300 - 600⁰C, but decreased with increasing initial concentration of acenaphthene. The adsorption equilibrium data obtained, fitted well to the Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubnin-Radushkevich isotherms with minimum correlation values of 0.9981, 0.9262, 0.9667 and 0.9215, respectively, although, generally decreases with increasing carbonization temperature. The error analysis showed the order of suitability of the isotherm models selected to be Temkin > Freundlich > Dubnin-Radushkevich > Langmuir. This study shows that carbons rice husk possesses high potency of being used as activated carbon for the removal of acenaphthene from wastewater.

The verifications of boundedness and compactness of the weighted composition operators of relations between different Bergman spaces of bounded symmetric domains which are Hilbert are characterized by using Carleson measure. As an application, we study the relations of multipliers between different Bergman spaces

Cellular Manufacturing System (CMS) is an application of Group Technology (GT) in which functionally dissimilar machines are grouped together to form a family of parts. This work gives an overview of the Back Propagation Network (BPN) based approaches to form the machine cells and component grouping for minimizing the exceptional elements and bottleneck machines. This method is applied to the known benchmark problems found in literature, and it is found to be equal or best when compared to in terms of minimizing number of exceptional elements.

We are very happy to announce that from 26th October 2016, Mr.S.Balan has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Computer Science. The appointment of Mr.S.Balan as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

Here, a equilateral triangular shaped circular feed network is designed. This circular feed network can radiate in eight different directions. This radiation is depending on four inputs ports which are excited. It can cover wide area within upper hemisphere. This antenna is designed in such a way that it is useful for any applicable GHz ISM band frequency and utilizes a suspended FR4 substrate. For this antenna we used positive microstrip elements, so that it will make easy to manufacture.

The furthermost impact of the climate change would be displacement of people, leading mass migration at a large scale. The affected communities would be largely from climate vulnerable island nations and also from developing countries which will not have the infrastructure to cope with the climate change induced natural disasters. The main issue here would be the cross-border migration leading to refugee status claims. But the present international refugee law framework governed by the Refugee Convention, 1951 is in no way equipped in dealing with climate refugees. This clearly calls for international co-operation and consensus building for dealing with the climate refugees as a part of the climate change adaptation mechanism. An effective and binding provision in the climate change agreements for tackling climate change induced migration through co-operation is crucial. This paper points out the lacunae in the present international refugee law framework and discusses regarding mitigating this gap and provides pointers regarding the way forward.

In this research, optimization of electromagnetic shielding tester process parameters for conducting textile composite materials through Taguchi design and ANOVA has been reported. The electromagnetic shielding tester process parameters were selected to optimize the EMSE. The effect of the size of the test Conductive Textile Material Composite sample on EMSE, effect of distance between Conductive Textile Material Composite sample and transmitting antenna on EMSE, effect of distance between the Conductive Textile Material Composite sample and receiving antenna on EMSE, and effect of RH% on EMSE were analyzed and optimized by Taguchi design and ANOVA. It was observed that the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of conductive textile Composite materials were dominantly influenced by Conductive Textile Material Composite sample size and significantly influenced by distance between Conductive Textile Material Composite sample and transmitting antenna.

Organotin compounds have attracted global attention due to their extensive use for agricultural, industrial, medicinal, and domestic applications. These applications have made them enter the environment. This has caused environmental concerns due to the proven toxicological relevance of the compounds. Their toxic effects result in extensive damage to non-target organisms at ultratrace concentration levels (ppt) and accumulation in sediments and biota. This leads to the legislative restriction place on the uses of some of these compounds. Despite the legislative restriction, their environmental pollutions continue. Hence, this review which is aimed at providing an overview of the application of organotin compounds and their environmental toxicities.