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The mean free path, in edition, gas density ratio, molecule radius average time between collisions average velocity of molecule, and the diameter of the molecule for both Maxwell and Druyvestyn Velocities distribution law are performed by numerically solving the Boltzmann transport equation. This achieved for helium and nitrogen gases under influence the applied electric field to the gas pressure ratio ,E/P, between (3.9131x10-3-0.9767) and (1.611-16.115) (V cm-1 Torr-1) respectively at 3000 K. The obtained results are agreement with the experimental data.

We are very happy to announce that from 30th September 2016, Dr. T. S. Varadharajan has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on English Literature. Dr. T. S. Varadharajan working as Assistant Professor of English, Department of English, School of Humanities and Sciences, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur – 613 401, India. The appointment of Dr. T. S. Varadharajan as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

This paper analytically examines the effects of adding nanoparticles on the exergy destruction of water– Al₂O₃ nanofluid flow through a circular duct under constant wall heat flux for thermally and hydrodynamic laminar regime. The single phase model is employed to simulate the nanofluid convection, taking into account appropriate thermophysical properties. Particles are assumed spherical with a diameter equal to 13 nm and are easily fluidized. In this approach, nanofluid can be treated as a pure fluid. Results show that with increasing the volume concentration of particles, the values of both of exergy transfer and heat transfer rate, decreases, especially for lower values of Reynolds number. These results indicate that along the duct at a fixed volume concentration, exergy destruction, decreases.

Electric field induced donor binding energy in a GaAs/AlGaAs finite quantum well are discussed. It is calculated with and without the inclusion of position dependent effective mass. We find the energy eigen values to obtain the subband energy and thereby the hydrogenic impurity binding energies. In all the calculation, we follow the variational formulism within the single band effective mass approximation. We find that results are different when the position dependent effective mass included in the Hamiltonian. Moreover, we find that the reduction of binding energy when the electric field is applied in the growth direction.

In this paper the temperature distribution and thermal stress analysis of multilayered composite circular rod is discussed by finite element method and the result temperature and thermal stresses has been computed numerically and illustrated graphically.

Late colonization of baited hives is a serious problem facing apicultural industry in tropical countries. Towards providing practical solution to this problem, three methods of artificial colony division were experimented in Ogbomoso, Nigeria, using top bar hives. Hives with strong and active colonies (aged > 12 months) were used as Mother Colony and were divided into new hives tagged Daughter colony. Method A involved placing Daughter colony at original place of Mother Colony and taking Mother colony to a distance of 30 m away from its original position. Method B involved placing Daughter colony on top of Mother colony, maintaining original position of Mother colony but facing opposite direction. Method C involved placing Daughter colony 30 m away from its Mother colony. In each method, 3 brood combs and 4 honey combs were placed in the Daughter colony hive and the remaining space on the hive filled with empty top bars. The results indicate that Method A was the best, having no pest infestation or intruder but higher weight gain. At 2, 6 and 8 weeks after colony division, weight gain observed in Method A (3.2, 2.1 and 2.1 kg respectively) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than weight gain observed in Methods B (2.2, 0.75 and 0.65 kg) and C (1.61, 0.75 and 1.12 kg ) respectively. The pests encountered in Methods B and C were Aethina tumida, Oecophylla longinoda and Galleria melonella while Brachymeria species was the only intruder encountered in the study.

The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra and FT-Raman spectra of N –acetyl thiourea (NATU) was recorded in the regions 4000-400 cm-1 respectively, in the solid phase. Molecular electronic energy, geometrical structure, harmonic vibrational frequencies and bonding features of the title compound were computed three parameter hybrid functional Lee-Yang -–Parr/6-31G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory. The vibrational studies were interpreted in terms of potential energy distribution. The results were compared with experimental values with the help of harmonic vibrational spectra. Infrared intensities and Raman scattering activities, highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy, and energy gaps were computed above method. The observed wave number in FTIR spectra was analyzed and assigned to different normal modes of the molecule. Most of the modes have wave numbers in the expected range and are in good agreement with computed values. The first order hyperpolarizability of this molecular system and related properties (?, ?, ? and ??) are calculated using B3LYP method based on the finite-field approach. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions, charge delocalization and intermolecular hydrogen bond-like weak interaction has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis by using B3LYP method. The results show that electron density (ED) in the ?* and ?*antibonding orbital’s and second-order delocalization energies E(2) confirm the occurrence of intra-molecular charge transfer (ICT) within the molecule.

As mobile technology continues to diffuse, the numbers of mobile subscribers continue to grow, so as the numbers of complaints toward telecommunication operators in Malaysia (Celcom, Maxis and DiGi). Based on National Consumer Complaint Centre (NCCC) annual report, there is an increase in number of complaints by 30 per cent in year 2007 as compared to previous year. This indicates that consumer are aware more of their rights or the telecommunication operators perform worse in 2007. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the relationship between students’ complaint behaviour and defection in Malaysian telecommunication industry. A convenience sampling technique and self administered questionnaires were used to collect data. A total of 366 university students from 18 Malaysian public higher learning instituition were recruited to participate in this study. The regression analysis were employed to explore the relationship between the two variables. The study demonstrated that there is a strong positive linear relationship between students’ complaint behavior and defection.The study also found that the influence of private complaint on the defection is much stronger than public complaint which corroborates with the previous study.

This study is focused on the fatty acid and amino acid compositions of the larva of oil palm weevil (Rhyncophorous ferrugineus). The fatty acid composition of the oil showed the presence of twelve fatty acids comprising of six known fatty acids (lauric acid 0.05%, myristic acid 0.41%, palmitic acid 35.80%, stearic acid 7.82%, oleic acid 50.04% and linoleic acid 4.28%) and six unknown fatty acids. The oil is composed of more of unsaturated fatty acids with a total value of 54.32%, predominantly oleic acid; 50.04%.The iodine value (41.67 + 0.26) and saponification number (191.64 + 0.33) compared favorably with values reported as standard values for tallow. The free fatty acid value of the oil (7.01 + 0.114 %) was very high when compared to reported values of 0.65% for lard or 1.25% for edible tallow. The specific gravity of the oil (0.7981) was lower than the values reported as standards for edible animal fats, such as lard, pork and tallow. The larva of the oil palm weevil (Rhyncophorous ferrugineus) protein showed a total of 17 amino acids (excluding tryptophan) and with glutamic acid (12.68g/100g) as the predominant amino acid. The amino acids have a total value of 77.53 g/100g protein. The essential amino acids, including arginine and histidine, make up 35.89 g/100g of the total amino acids. This value represents 46.29% of the total amino acids. The larva of the oil palm weevil has high values of phenylalanine (4.14g/100g), leucine (7.52g/100g) and arginine (6.47g/100g) but low value of lysine (4.51g/100g).The fatty acid composition of the larva of oil palm weevil oil indicated that the consumption of the larva of oil palm weevil would have no adverse health implications. The essential amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine+tyrosine had higher values than the FAO reference standard values. Methionine+cystine and threonine had reasonable values. Thus, the larva of oil palm weevil can serve as a substitute for beef meat and fish in the supply of fatty acids and essential amino acids necessary for good health.

The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of the o-nitrobenzaldehyde oxime (ONBO) have been recorded in the regions 4000-400 and 3500-100 cm^-1 respectively. The spectra were interpreted with the aid of normal coordinate analysis following full structure optimization and force field calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) using standard B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) method and basis set combination. The geometries and normal modes of vibration obtained from the DFT method are in good agreement with the experimental data. The total energy distribution (TED) values obtained reflect the correctness of the vibrational assignments.