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Menstrual cycle is an integral part of women’s fertility period. Although having a minor pain during menstruation is normal, severe pain could not be considered normal. During years of adolescence and youth having severe menstruation pains is the main reason for absence of women from work and school, thus it is important to pay attention to its reasons and solutions for reducing it. The current research general aim is comparing the effect of 12-week Kegel exercises and stretching exercises on pain and quality of life of females aging 18 to 25 suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. In this research which was a quasi-experimental study, 60 individuals (20.21 years±1.85) from single girls of Bandar Abbas who visited clinics because of severe pain of menstruation from 2012 to 2013 were chosen through completing Evaluation Form of Primary Dysmenorrhea, Visual Analogue Scale (NRS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire and they were randomly divided in to two groups of experimental group (Kegel exercises and stretching exercises) and control group. Exercises were 12 weeks long, 3 sessions per week, 2 times a day and each time for 10 to 15 minutes, and also after 12 weeks again the McGill Pain Questionnaire was distributed among 3 groups. Analysis results of repeating the measurements showed that Kegel exercise and stretching exercise are effective on reducing the severity and duration of menstrual pain. Also results showed that the effect of Kegel exercises on reducing severity and duration of menstrual pain is more than the stretching exercises. Based on these results, Kegel exercise and stretching exercise result in reducing the severity and duration of pain of primary dysmenorrhea. Thus perhaps it is possible to use Kegel exercises and stretching exercises for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

In this paper, the synthesis of 2-alkenylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene by direct [Pd]-[Cu]-[Ag] catalyzed C-H activation of thieno[3,2-b]thiophene with various alkenes was described. The structures of products 3a-f as well as the site-selectivity of the Heck-type cross-coupling reaction were clarified by NMR and MS analyses.

Politics is determination of the will of the government which is the subject of the political sciences and the administration of affairs is execution of the will of the government which is the subject of the administrative sciences. Politics and the public affairs administration are in equilibrium with another. In other words, the administration of the public affairs is a ground for the execution of the government's will and stands against the policy which determines the structure of the public affairs administration. Investigating each of the mentioned instances entails attention to the other. Types of governmental systems based on centralization are centralized, decentralized, condensed and federal and confederate. In the centralized, decentralized and condensed governmental systems, there is a delegation of power from the central government to the local governments, while in the federal and confederate governmental systems there is no such transfer of power. In each of the centralization and decentralization systems, the national state monitors the affairs, but the type and intensity of monitoring will be different. However, the main question relating to the paper is how monitoring is taking place in the political system governing the Islamic Republic of Iran with a look at two common centralized and decentralize systems based on the Islamic Republic of Iran's constitution? In writing this paper, the library method and such tools as note taking and Internet content were applied where each was discussed while collecting data.

This paper presents a new technique, used to register two images of the same modality and that are assumed to be differ from each other, by a rotation and a scale. Recently, researchers have introduced image registration techniques using log-polar transform for its scale and rotation invariant properties. However, it suffers from non-uniform sampling and it leads to inaccurate registration. Inspired by log polar transform, a new technique, fast uniform polar transform (FUPT) is used to overcome these disadvantages. The proposed method yields more accurate registration than log polar transform.

State estimation in electrical distribution systems (EDSs) is an analyzing tool for estimating the state of it for close monitoring and controlling by distribution management system (DMS). In this paper, RESs integrated EDS’s state is estimated using the distribution system state estimation (DSSE) model. It is a minimization problem with equality and inequality constraints which describe the practical considerations of real time EDS. The objective of DSSE modeling and its minimization is to compute state variables. For minimizing the objective function of DSSE model Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is used to estimate load and Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) output. The performance of the proposed work is evaluated on IEEE 33 bus test system using MATLAB working platform and compared with other evolutionary optimization algorithms.

This study examined the relationships between strategic business model, operational plans and big picture and strategic planning process among Libyan students in Malaysia. Data was collected from 204 respondents using structured questionnaire from the selected universities in Malaysia. The descriptive analysis revealed that, majority of the respondents were male who are mostly working in the tertiary institutions in Libya. Pearson correlation analysis using SEM have shown a significant positive and high relationship between strategic business model, operational plans and big picture and strategic planning process which means, higher strategic planning process is associated with these three concepts. In line with this finding the authors concluded that, strategic planning based on theory of Pfeiffer is applicable to Libyan universities due to significant and positive relationships between the concepts in Pfeiffer’s theory and strategic planning. Thus, the authors recommends that universities, particularly in Libyan should adopt the current approach of strategic planning in order to achieve the set objectives of their universities. Moreover, if this approach is implemented in the universities by the management, it will enhance in managing information and monitoring academic development.

This study shows that China has strategically, for the time period studied between 2000 and 2010 increased its investments in Kenya. The increase in China’s economic and political involvement in Africa is arguably the most momentous development on the continent today. One of the contentious issues surrounding Sino-African relations involves investments. Although Africa and China have been trading with each other for centuries, the level and intensity of their trade relationship have increased dramatically since 2000. China has gained long strides in the global arena and more so by investing heavily in Africa. China has become a major source of a wide range of manufactured goods and foreign investment in many Africa countries. The trends and patterns of trade between China and Africa suggest many possible impacts in Africa. While many African welcome the capital and know-how, others fear that China is stepping in with heavy boots in various cycles. This has raised concerns with the developed nations and big world donors raising concerns whether China would bring hope or problems. This paper examined the impact of the China’s Investments, economic and developmental activities in Africa with focus to Kenya. However, there are both gains and losses in the relationship between the two countries. Data and information was gathered from the existing literature, books, journals, newspapers and internet search. It appeared that there is scarcity of the up to date data and information about China-Kenya and much of the information available captured a number of the past years and since this was the information the author could access, it was the same information used to examine the research paper study issue.

Security has become the greatest problem within and outside the organizations. User ID, passwords and firewalls are the common steps that organizations take to secure their computers. However, these are not so effective mediums in current context of unsecure eon. Intruders and attackers are so advanced that they access the computer and manipulate it, so they cannot be traced easily. Through this contribution objective is to find out & present existing intrusion detection system (IDS) with their pros and cons that will be helpful to select the best one and provide the secure environment so that system will be protected from intrusion and attacks.

This study introduces a test examination on self-compacting concrete (SCC) with fine total (sand) substitution of a Quarry Dust (QD) (0%, 25%, half, 75%,100%) and expansion of mineral admixtures like Fly Ash (FA) and Silica Fume (SF) and synthetic admixtures like super plasticizers (SP). After every blend arrangement, 45 3D shapes examples and 45 chambers examples are thrown and cured. The examples are cured in water for 3, 7 and 28 days. The droop, V-channel and L-Box test are done on the new SCC and in solidify concrete compressive quality and split elasticity qualities are resolved. Endeavors have been made to examine the properties of such SCCs and to explore the appropriateness of Quarry Dust to be utilized as fractional trade materials for sand in SCC.

The advent of compression standards has led to the proliferation of innovative techniques in the compressed domain has become an active research topic. This paper presents an overview of the latest video compression standards related to the H.26xSeries and this paper is specifically covered including its latest standard, H.265 otherwise known as AVC (Advanced Video Coding). It also provides an overview of compression rules of thumb for different standards and the corresponding performance requirements for real-time implementations.