Archives- 

Purpose: Halitosis is defined as an unpleasant odor that emanates from the oral cavity with intra–oral and/or extra–oral origins. The present study assessed factors influenced halitosis using different diagnostic modalities. Methods: 360 patients who attended shiraz dentistry school participate in this study. A total of 100patients aged 10-56years old included 58women& 42men complained of chronic halitosis. Organoleptic assessment was used to measure intensity of halitosis. The patients were divided into 6 groups according to their age & educational levels. Descriptive analysis was carried out regarding the degree of halitosis in each group. The chi-square test was used for the comparison between groups. Result: prevalence of halitosis was 27.8% of all subjects. Halitosis was multi factorial in this group & more than one factor could be seen in these patients. Dental caries was the most common cause of halitosis(62%) followed by periodontal disease (55%), highly protein diet (28%),smoking(13%) , inadequate root canal therapy & filling(12%) xerostomia(9%), Pseudo-halitosis(6% ) ,sinusitis & nasal polyp(4%),constipation & gastric reflux (4%) hormonal factors (%4) medication(4%) dentures(2%).there was no significant correlation between patients age , sex &educational level with halitosis(p=0.05). Conclusion: In this study, intra oral factors were the most common causes of halitosis. This problem can be prevented by appropriate dental care, suitable oral hygiene &increased public awareness.

Over the decade, the problems of national food nutrition and fibre crises have been on the increase and the ghost chasing the economy is no longer a figment of the imagination. The time has come for a definitive attack. This paper examined the economics of promoting increased food production through efficient inputs services and farm-rural infrastructures. The basic agricultural inputs for modernized commercial production are land, Labour, modern farm capital, water, climate, power and entrepreneurship, while basic infrastructures that promote agricultural production include rural, physical, social, institutional and farm facilities. These inputs and infrastructures interact, thus have competitive, complimentary supportive, joint effect and consequently; the economics of inputs-infrastructures promotion raises quantitative, management, organizational, institutional and costs return implications that merit substantial research efforts in the context of the atomistic population of small holder farmers in Nigeria. Although government may facilitates, stimulates and promotes growth of Agriculture food production programme, success must ultimately depend on the multitude of farm household. To secure food security for the teaming population, various motivated programmes (farm settlement) and the co-operationalized systems must be updated. Hence Inputs-land, Labour, capital, power and entrepreneurship must be earnest in a way to favour production and basic rural-farm infrastructures. Keywords: Food production, Input services, Rural infrastructures

Quality of work life is a large step forward from the traditional job design of scientific management which focused solely on specialization and efficiency for the performance of narrow tasks, adopting division of labour, rigid hierarchy, and standardization of labour to reach its objective of efficiency. Quality of work life can be defined as “The quality of relationship between employees and the total working environment”. Quality of work life is “The degree to which members of a work organization are able to satisfy important personnel needs through their experience in the organization”. “Happy employees could able to produce higher productivity. The happiness can be perceived only when the employees good satisfaction on the work load, working condition, relationship with peers, superiors and subordinates about the climate plays a crucial role to determine the level of job satisfaction. The present study is descriptive in nature, which includes surveys and fact findings enquiries of different kind. Both Primary and Secondary Data were collected in order to obtain the related information for this study. Sample size of this study was 100. The data thus collected through questionnaire were subdued into suitable tabular forms. For analyzing the data and interpretation, simple statistical tools like percentage, chi-square and Henry Garrot Ranking method were used. At last the findings, suggestions and conclusion were made for the improvement of quality of work life in the organization.

Classical reliability based design procedures require tedious calculations and time consuming. The goal of reliability of mechanical component adequately performs its intended function when operating under specified environmental conditions. Mechanical component design by safety factors using nominal values without considering uncertainties may lead to designs that are unsafe, or too conservative and thus not efficient. Design of a hollow shaft is one of complex and time consuming design procedure. This paper presents development of mathematical models to predict the outer diameter of a typical hollow shaft. This paper presents unique method to investigate engineering problem, its analysis, mathematical modeling and optimization with the help of RSM-response surface methodology and design of experiments (DOE). Response surface methodology, which is a statistical approach of design of experiments, is being applied with combined probabilistic design to optimize the design responses in the case of simultaneous variations of its design parameters. The technique is proved to be efficient and general purpose modeling a variety of components.

FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 2-amino-4-pyrimidinol (2A4P) have been recorded. The spectra were interpreted with the aid of normal coordinate analysis following full structure optimizations and force field calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) using standard B3LYP/6-311+G** method. Normal coordinate calculations were performed with the DFT force field corrected by a recommended set of scaling factors yielding fairly good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies. Further, density functional theory (DFT) combined with quantum chemical calculations to determine the first-order hyperpolarizability.

Cloud computing provides the way to share distributed resource and services that belong to different organizations. Since cloud computing share distributed resources via network in the open environment thus it makes security problems. All types of users who require the secure transmission or storage of data in any kind of media or network. Since, the data transmissions on the internet or over any networks are vulnerable to the hackers attack. I’m in great need of encrypting the data. I propose a method to build a trusted computing environment for cloud computing system. In this method some important security service including authentication, encryption, decryption and compression are provided in the cloud computing system. Need of this software is divided in to three modules: Encryption, Decryption, and Compression.

In this paper, we study some of the properties of Q-intuitionistic L-fuzzy subnearring of a nearring and prove some results on these.

It could be stated that using GIS and linear assignment for analyzing position data and choosing optimized location, has unique performance, so it is suggested that fire fighting organizations use these software applications to create database. It is suggested that fire fighting organization and safety services, create reasonable relationship with urban service centers to enhance their performance, and equip these centers to safety tools before the incident. The purpose of this study is Study of locating Fire stations using ELECTRE method. ELECTRE method is one of the Multi criteria decision making which can compound the quantitative and qualitative criteria, weight each criterion based on its importance and help decision makers to select the best option at the same time. Electrical method is one of the available methods in compensatory methods. In this method, all options are analyzed and evaluated by non-ranked comparisons. Whole stages of this method are based on coordinated and uncoordinated sets and thus it is called ‘‘coordination analysis’’. The results and findings show that zone (3) dominated (5) times and defeated (1) time, so it is located in the first rank with (4) points and is the most suitable zone for Fire stations. In contrast, zone (4) defeated (5) time and dominated (1) time, therefore it is located in the last rank with (-5) points and is not the most suitable zone for Fire stations. And, zones (2, 5, 1) dominated (4, 3, 2) times and defeated (2, 3, 4) and located in other ranks with (2, 0, -2) points respectively. Also, zones (4,1) should be omitted because their defeated times are more than dominated times.

Indoor radon concentration measurements in some dwellings in four districts in Ghana have been monitored between 3months and 1 year using LR-115 type II Cellulose Nitrate films in the bare mode. The annual average indoor radon concentrations vary from 9.40 ±6.30 to 144±93.80 (Bqm?3) in the bedrooms. Annual effective doses were calculated, using ICRP-65 conversion values, and the average annual effective dose varied from 0.25 ± 0.08 to 4.33±0.47 mSv. Radon concentration levels and annual effective doses were found to be within recommended limits.

The study investigates the direction of volatility spillover between exchange rate and stock prices in Nigeria using quarterly data for the period of 1990-Q1 to 2009-Q4. Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (EGARCH) framework due to Nelson (1991) was employed. Two different stock exchange indicators were used as proxy for stock prices to test the direction of volatility spillover between the variables. Thus we have two EGARCH models. The ADF and PP tests suggest that the series are random walk processes in their level form. The empirical findings suggest evidence of no long run equilibrium relationship between exchange rate and stock prices. It further shows that there is a robust unidirectional volatility spillover running from exchange rate to stock prices irrespective of the stock market indicator used. The result supports the findings of Beer and Hebeins (2008) for industrialized countries. The estimated mean equation showed that there is instantaneous positive response of stock market volatility to exchange rate fluctuation. Evidence from variance equation revealed that volatility persists longer when SMC was used as proxy for stock prices than ASI. The standard deviation statistic showed that stock market indicator is positively related to risk, validating the capital asset market hypothesis.