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The present review deals with the interaction of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with various host factors and the underlying mechanisms involved in liver pathology during HCV infection. The persistence of virus after HCV infection causing chronic hepatitis in high majority of patients was explained in terms of host immune response varying with mutating nature of HCV virus. High scale variability in HCV genome arising of frequent mutation favours HCV to escape immune mediated eradication and to persist in host causing continued liver cell injury. HCV shows pathogenic effect via its role in several metabolic changes and inducing reactive phenomenon including hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in HCV infected patients. The structural and non-structural components of HCV virus, particularly, HCV-core, NS3 and NS5A proteins were involved in causing all these reactive state. Moreover, HCV-genotypes showed their varying effect on overall HCV pathogenesis. The HCV core protein from HCV-genotype-3 had close association with causing hepatic steatosis, increasing oxidative stress and inducing insulin resistance in HCV infected patients. All these reactions, ie. hepatic steaotis, oxidative stress and insulin resistance play important role in progression / regression of disease. However, many more studies are still needed to understand it in full measure for developing an effective anti-viral or anti-infection therapy.

Knowledge management is an important issue for business life and one cannot achieve a competitive advantage without completely relying on KM’s innovative work and HRD interventions. HRD includes a wide range of activities that make work possible for business managers that are competing in global work to gain competitive edge. HRD activities make KM work easy and thus knowledge flow becomes mollifying and then use and reuse of knowledge creates value. The value addition brings out organizational effectiveness. The gap has been identified from the study conducted by (Elena, 2013). In the paper researchers main focus was on accessing the HRD efficiencies in Knowledge Management. Researchers left space for future researcher to find the link between HRD interventions and KM. In this study the focus is on two HRD interventions i.e. performance appraisal and training with great emphasis on Knowledge Management. Both are of great importance in an organization and needs continuous feed back and improvement.

The study area is a part of the Mid Ganga Basin that lies in Patna district, Bihar state. It is made up of thick (>300 m) pile of sediments comprising layered sequences of sand, silt and clay deposits. Within the layered sequences, medium to coarse sand beds are embedded which form aquifers. The annual normal rainfall of the area is 1200 mm, 86% of which takes place during monsoon period spanning between June and September. High Arsenic concentrations (> 50 ppb) have been reported from the several blocks of the Patna districts including Maner. The present work deals with the study of hydrogeological aspects arsenic contamination of the Maner Block of the Patna district. The present study is an attempt to decipher relationship between arsenic occurrences and its relation with other major elements present in the area. Relation between different elements is understood by preparing graphs. It is seen that Fe, HCO3 and Arsenic (As) generally indicates the increase of concentrations towards Ganga River. Higher concentrations of arsenic (> 50 ppb) were encountered mainly in the newer alluvium (T0), whereas the Older Alluvium appears to be arsenic free.

A close look at Jean-Paul Sartre’s Humanistic Existentialism reveals an avalanche of implications that clamour for a dismissal of Sartre’s thesis. These implications range from metaphysical implications, to religious, ethical, sociological and other implications. The task of this paper is to critically look at some of these implications and consequences of his Humanistic Existentialism.

The study sought to find out the influence of teachers’ work load on pupils’ academic performance in public primary schools in Nandi north sub county, Nandi County, Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The target population was 172 headteachers and 1302 teachers. The sample size was 17 Head teachers and 93 teachers. The consistency of the study instruments was measured using test- retest reliability whereby the same groups of respondents were used repeatedly to test whether the same results could be obtained. The content validity was ascertained by the researcher in consultation with the supervisors and expert opinion from three lecturers of the School of Education, Kisii University. To select the individual teachers, the researcher used simple random sampling method. Data was collected by use of questionnaire and interview schedules. The questionnaire allowed measurement for or against a particular view point. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage tables) with the help of SPSS. There was high teaching workload which led to tiresome preparation of teachers in discharging their teaching duties hence lowering performance in national examinations. The study indicated that teachers had no enough time for professional development and workload conditions were not favourable hence the academic performance of pupils was affected

Ticks constitute major pests of domestic animals through sucking of blood and transmission of many parasitic diseases. The search for alternative acaricides as ticks develop resistance to the ones in use is an ongoing process. This study was carried out to test potential acaricidal properties of the wormwood (Artemisia alfa) in Olive oil/Trilene formulation against larvae three tick species Boophilus decoralatus, Ripicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus evertsi. The study was carried at the Central Veterinary laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe, from November to December 2011. The tick larvae were exposed to four concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100%) of the wormwood leaf extract using the Larval Packet Test (LPT). All leaf extract concentrations induced mortality and mortality increased with concentration. Larvae of Boophilus decolaratus were the most sensitive to the leaf extract with mortalities of 51.7% in 100% leaf extract and larvae of Rhipicephalus evertsi were the least sensitive (40% mortality) at the same concentration. Tick species and leaf extract concentration had significant effect on tick mortality (P<0.05). The study opens a potential weapon to deal with ticks especially for the poor upcoming farmer with limited resources

Total Dominating Color Transversal Set of a graph is a Total Dominating Set which is also Transversal of Some ? - Partition of vertices of G. Here ? is the Chromatic number of the graph G. A Total Dominating Color Transversal Set of a graph G is called Minimal Total Dominating Color Transversal Set of the graph if no proper subset of it is a Total Dominating Color Transversal Set of G. In this paper, we determine a necessary and sufficient condition under which a Total Dominating Color Transversal Set becomes Minimal. We also obtain Minimal Total Dominating Color Transversal set of Generalised Petersen graph P (n, 1).

Vibrational spectral analysis was carried out for  Methyl m-hydroxy benzoate (MMHB) and Methyl salicylate (MS) by using the FTIR and FT-Raman spectroscopy in the range of 4000cm^-1-400cm^-1 and 4000cm^-1-50cm^-1 respectively. The theoretical computational density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) was performed at 6-31G** levels to derive equilibrium geometry, vibrational wavenumbers, infrared intensities and Raman scattering activities. The complete vibrational assignment was performed on the basis of the potential energy distribution (PED), calculated with scaled quantum mechanics (SQM) method. Quantum chemical parameters such as the highest occupied molecular orbital energy (E_HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (E_LUMO), energy gap (?E), chemical potential (P_i), global hardness (?),and the softness (?), were calculated. The theoretical electronic absorption spectra have been calculated by using CIS methods. ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated by using gauge invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) method. The total atomic charges, natural charges and thermodynamic parameters were also calculated. As expected, the results show the greater stability and stronger hydrogen bond between oxygen and ester group.

We are very happy to announce that from 28th December 2016, Mr. Amit Kumar has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Computer Science. The appointment of Amit Kumar as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

We are very happy to announce that from 14th February 2017, Mr. Shamneesh Sharma has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Computer Science Engineering. Mr. Shamneesh Sharma working as Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering at School of Technology & Sciences, A P Goyal Shimla University, Shimla (H.P.). The appointment of Mr. Shamneesh Sharma as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.