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The present study was planned to study the influence of Rimonabant pretreatment (1 week) on the anti-diabetic activity of oral anti-diabetic agents in albino & Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Rimonabant (0.36mg/kg) & Sulfonylureas like Glibenclamide (180µg/kg) and Glipizide (270µg/kg) were administered and the time to onset of hypoglycemia, duration of the hypoglycemia & peak hypoglycemia were determined. Then Rimonabant (0.36mg/kg) was administered for 1week and on the next day 1 hour after Rimonabant treatment, the hypoglycemic effect of Sulfonylureas were evaluated. The results showed that co- administration of Rimonabant with Glipizide and Glibenclamide had positive influence on the peak hypoglycemic effect and a significant enhancement in the duration of hypoglycemic action in both normal and diabetic rats. This increased hypoglycemic activity of Glipizide and Glibenclamide after Rimonabant treatment may be due to improved insulin sensitivity and other insulin-resistant state in diabetes.

The main aim of this study was to determiner modeling and sensitivity analysis of rice production based on energy inputs and farm sizes using artificial neural networks in Guilan province of Iran. For this purpose the initial date were collected from 120 rice farmers by a face-to-face questionnaire in Astaneh Ashrafiyeh city of Guilan province of Iran. Total energy consumption and output energy was 51430 and 66387 MJ ha-1, respectively. Diesel fuel with 44.61% had the highest energy use among all of the inputs. Medium farms had the best condition in three group sizes from average of total energy consumption point of view. The Levenberg-Marquardt Learning Algorithm was trained for calculation of prediction models for rice yield based energy inputs and area. The results of the ANN model revealed the 12-13-1 structure belonged to the best topology with highest R2 and lowest RMSE and MAPE. The rate of R2, RMSE and MAPE was computed as 0.972, 0.153 and 0.007, respectively. With respect to sensitivity analysis human labor had the highest sensitivity with 0.311. It indicates that using an additional of 1 MJ either for human labor or seed energy would result in increasing the yield by 0.311 and 0.286 kg, respectively.

Oral ulcers are highly common lesions in the population. They are painful and annoying, although most of them would be healed with no significant consequence. It is important to recognize these lesions on time and do the right sorts of treatment because of the risk of cancers or some other critical diseases. Understanding this fact that the first contact for most of patients is usually with a general medical practitioner, we decided to evaluate general practitioners’ knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding oral ulcerative lesions. This study was a cross-sectional, self-administered, questionnaire survey which was done among 65 general practitioners in Isfahan, Iran. The questionnaire evaluated the knowledge, attitude and behavior of general practitioners regarding oral ulcerative lesions. Chi-square test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and t-test served for statistical analysis done by SPSS20 software. The physicians’ knowledge score was almost low, especially clinical knowledge (mean score = 33.4%, SD: 15.3). The majority of general practitioners (89.2%) reported that they are more knowledgeable in this field and almost 70% of them showed a willingness to participate in further educational programs about oral lesions. There was a significant relationship between the attitude and age (p= 0.001) and duration of practice (p = 0.002). But there was no significant relationship between the numbers of examined patients. General practitioners’ behavior scores regarding oral lesions were rather low. A significant relationship between the behavior and age (r=0.271, p= 0.03) and duration of practice was observed. Lack of knowledge of General practitioners’ and poor performance about oral lesions besides their willingness to get higher education in this field, revealed a great need for planning to include appropriate additional courses to the curriculum of the medical graduates

Since the beginning of human creation, culture, publishing and promoting the divine religions and prophets of the most important functions and convey Islam with the seal of the Prophet Muhammad (p.) as the most complete only religion acceptable to God(Al-Imran verse 65), Revealed teachings, orders of worship and happiness humanity was completed. Since all the teachings of Islam, rooted in compassion and kindness of God and have fun and the interpretation of Ali (AS) which states: (Feizol-Islam, 2004p. 313). This religion is based on love and columns. In this article are intended to explain the importance of Promote Islam, How to use special tools to Promote the love of Jesus in order to increase productivity and promotional activities, we examined the effectiveness of missionaries and Clergymen.

Digitisation had a profound effect on creation, reproduction and dissemination of works protected by copyright. Works in digital format are vulnerable to infringement, and technological protection measures are accordingly applied as protection. Technological protection measures can, however, easily be circumvented and additional legal protection against circumvention was needed. In response, law makers at both the international and national level have enacted legal provisions aimed at banning the act of circumvention of technological protection measures on the one hand and the production and dissemination of circumvention tools on the other hand. Prominent examples of such legislation, among others, are the WIPO Internet Treaties, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, and the European Information Society Directive. The recently enacted 2012 Amendments have harmonized the Indian Copyright law with WIPO Internet Treaties with respect to legal protection of technological protection measures. Against this background, this article attempts to critical analyse the existing legal framework for protection of technological measures at national and international levels. It also stresses the need for international harmonisation of copyright law for its efficient enforcement in digital environment.

Projects are defined as complex tasks, based on challenging questions or problems, that involve learners in design, problem-solving, decision making, or investigative activities; give learners the opportunity to work relatively autonomously over extended periods of time; and culminate in realistic products or presentations. Within a project-based approach, learners are usually provided with specifications for a desired end product, and the learning process is more oriented to following correct procedures. Teachers act as instructors or coaches, providing expert guidance, feedback and suggestions for better ways to achieve the final product. Past studies have shown the benefits of PBL which include intrinsically motivating learners to learn, fostering problem-solving, and developing independent and cooperative working skills. It is also believed that project based instruction allows learners to develop critical thinking and decision making skills and engage in in-depth learning of subject matter. This paper discusses the importance of Grant’s structures in a project as an Invention Project was assigned to each group of learners. The results, based on the Grant structure, have indicated that learners showed a significant improvement in the areas highlighted in the project-based activity. It is thus, a worthy action to be implemented in teaching and learning processes.

In this paper civil liability which is caused by traffic accident is studied in the view of Iranian law especially in Islamic penal law, civil liability law and compulsory insurance for vehicle owners. In this study it can be seen that Iranian law maker in Islamic penal law obey from fault theory and in compulsory insurance law they use risk theory for vehicle owners.

Table of contents for the month of October 2017

Landfilling affects soil macro-fauna, which are important in soil fertility. The effects of landfilling practices on macro-faunal abundance and diversity at Aba-Eku landfill, Ibadan, Nigeria were investigated. Dumpsite and control soils were sampled bimonthly from April-August, 2010. Macro-fauna were extracted via Tullgren funnel and classified accordingly. Shannon-Weiner and Simpson’s dominance were used for analysis. 928 macro-fauna; (605: dumpsite; 323: control) in three phyla: mollusca, arthropoda and annelida were observed. On the dumpsite, this comprised ten orders; with molluscan order Stylommatophora (51.7%) dominating vegetated portions of the dumpsite. The remainder were arthropod orders; including isoptera (14.7%), isopoda (8.1%) and coleoptera (7.9%). Thirteen families including Porcellionidae (8.1%) were also observed. Some organisms observed on the dump site included Porcellio scaber (8.1%) and Aspavia armigera (2%). Arthropods (77.1%) dominated the control. Ten orders including coleoptera (21.98%) and isoptera (19.2%) were observed. This comprised ten families including the Iulidae (15.2%). The dumpsite (2.174) showed a higher diversity than control (1.645); while the control had higher dominance (0.84) than the dumpsite (0.593). Molluscsan dominance suggests tolerance to heavy metal contamination from metal wastes disposed. Coleopteran dominance on the control may be associated with the presence of the grasses - Tridax procumbens and Panicum maximum.

New heterogeneous and catalytic systems were obtained and their activities were further studied to ensure process of a demercaptanization (mercaptan removal) of oil and oil products. Kinetic regularities of a process were researched. The kinetic model and the mechanism of a demercaptanization of an ethyl mercaptan as a model reaction with participation of organic ligand catalyst deposited on clinoptilolite So-Fe, Mn-Fe is suggested by this study.