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Cryptococcus is an encapsulated yeast, ubiquitous in nature. The concept of using differential media for isolating specific fungal pathogens is not new. The present study reveals that all plant based media are found to be supporting the confluent growth of Cryptococcus neoformans, Lowsonia inermis (Henna) leaf based media, Brassica campestris (Mustard) seed based media and Rhus cotinus (Smoke tree) leaf based media exhibits appreciable brown color effect (BCE) which makes them a good option as selective media for Cryptococcus neoformans. Not only plant based agar media, the plant based broths also supported confluent growth of this organism. This is perhaps the first report. Thus, these plant based media are selective, simple to prepare and economical to use and offers a novel alternative for currently available synthetic media.

The use of fossil fuels as energy is now broadly accepted as unsustainable due to depleting resources and also due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the environment. To resolve this problem use of renewable energy is now in focus, renewable energy plays a crucial role in dealing with energy security, eco-friendliness and climate change issues at global and national level. Renewable energy continued to grow strongly in 2012 in both OECD and non-OECD countries. This paper reviews the global growth of renewable energy and present renewable energy status in India, with the main focus on algal biofuel and its future prospects in India.

The objective of the present study is to give a review on heat transfer characteristics of fluids in curved and straight tubes for various parameters and under different experimental conditions. The heat transfer can be increased by two techniques mainly like application of external forces or by modification in surface geometry of the fluid passages. Surface geometry modifications like bending of straight tubes into curved coils are effective and efficient method of heat transfer enhancement. In this paper, various correlations proposed based on experimental heat transfer data by earlier investigators are presented to support the enhancement in overall heat transfer coefficient in curved tube and in straight tube heat exchangers. However, comparison of experimental overall heat transfer coefficient in helical coil and straight tube heat exchangers are found to be limited in the present literature.

The current study contended with studying explicitation phenomenon in a Farsi-English corpus. For doing so, five anecdotes selected at random from Sa'di's Golestan and their English translations extorted from "Sadi's Gulistan or Flower Garden" by James Ross (1890) were analyzed. In view of that, the researchers went through the anecdotes and their translations to extort the explicitation cases occurred through the procedure of translation. The result of the study showed explicitation has been used in the translations.

Power electronic devices are non-linear loads that create harmonic distortion and can be susceptible to voltage dips if not adequately protected. The non linear nature of these switching devices causes harmonic current injection into the ac mains; there by polluting the power quality (PQ) at the point of common coupling (PCC).This power quality (PQ) improvement is achieved by using multi-pulse converters in THREE-PHASE ac-dc converters (ADCs).The proposed multi-pulse ac-dc converter is based on autotransformer configurations and passive tuned filters. The proposed ac–dc converter is able to eliminate lower order harmonics in the ac supply current. The resulting supply current is near sinusoidal in shape with low total harmonic distortion and a nearly unity power factor. The proposed multi-pulse ac-dc converter is designed and the simulation model is developed in MATLAB. It improves the power quality at the ac mains and meets IEEE-519 standard requirements at varying loads.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is important risk factors for some disorders such as nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and cardiovascular diseases that its prevalence is increasing in human society. Herbal medicine is the oldest kind of diseases cure has recognized. However, rational prescription of effective medicinal plants for diabetes cure requires precise information of action mechanism of these plants. Purpose of our project is investigation of Cornus mas effects on blood biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: In present study, 40 male rats divided in 4 groups. Group 1(normal group) was treated by saline. Group 2(diabetic control) was treated by alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg, i.p). Group 3(extract group) diabetic rats that received hydro-alcoholic extract of C.mas(100mg /kg, i.p). Group 4(glibenclamide group) diabetic rats that received glibenclamide(500mcg /kg, i.p). After 72 hours, the animals were anesthetized and the blood was collected into a tube, then, levels of serum glucose, lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, and VLDL), triglycerides, and total cholesterol were evaluated by enzymatic kits. Results: The results showed significant reduction of glucose, triglyceride, VLDL and LDL levels in group 3 in comparison with group 2(P<0.001). Glucose and LDL reduction by C.mas are similar to glibenclamide and TG, VLDL reduction by C.mas are more than glibenclamide. C.mas also could increase HDL levels significantly in comparison with group 2(P<0.001) that this effect is similar to glibenclamide effect on HDL. Conclusion: According to the results, C.mas can be use in diabetics in order to glucose and lipid reduction, nevertheless, requires more researches.

Modes are idempotent and entropic algebras. It is well known that each entropic groupoid with surjective operation embeds as a sub reduct into a semimodule over a commutative semiring Surprisingly, this is no longer true for modes with operations of larger arity. As shown by M. Stronkowski [4] and [5], a mode embeds as a subreduct into a semimodule over a commutative semiring if and only if it satisfes the so-called Szendrei identities. A simpler proof was then given by D. Stanovsky [3]. Stronkowski also proved that free modes do not satisfy the Szendrei identities, while Stanovsky [3] pro- vided a 3-element example of a mode with one ternary operation (Example 1.1). Medial modes, a natural generalization of normal bands, were investigated by P lonka. Rectangular algebras, a generalization of rectangular bands (diagonal modes) were investigated by P¨oschel and Reichel.

To evaluate the association of SCN1A gene with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in Heilongjiang province, Jiamusi city. Blood samples were taken from patients and genomic DNA extracted. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify exons 10, 13 and 15 of SCN1A gene, and BstNI restriction enzyme used in digesting PRC products. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique was used to detect gene polymorphism within SNP locus of SCN1A gene: exons 10, 13, and 15 among case and control groups. After screening of 210 blood samples from both case and control groups using PCR-RFLP technique, there was a significant difference between case and control groups’ SCN1A gene exon 13, locus A221G but none for exon 10 and 15. There was a significant difference between case and control groups’ SCN1A gene exon 13, locus A221G. AA genotype on comparison with AG and GG genotypes was found to be the highest risk factor for developing HIE. This study establishes an important foundation for further study on cause, prevention and treatment of neonatal HIE based on the gene mentioned above and other related genes.

This paper focuses on the extent to which the market regulatory environment in the mobile telecommunication industry in Kenya has posed great challenges to new entrants and small operators and frustrated their efforts to counter the continued market leadership and dominance by Safaricom. Debates on ICT regulation in Sub Saharan Africa and the rest of the developing countries were confined to technology and tele-density issues without looking at the social, political, institutional, legal and economic factors that shape industry specific issues. Globally, the telecommunications industry has been viewed as a public utility and public ownership or strong government controls went with that. The argument this paper is premised on is that post liberalization of the telecommunications sector in Kenya, state monopoly of the Kenya Posts and Telecommunication Corporation shifted from government to the private sector oligopoly ( Kerretts, 2005:50, Mureithi, 2008, Manica and Vescovi: 2011:23). There was a shift from structuralism (active role of the state in driving economic development) to neo-liberalism (freeing market forces from government control, reducing taxes, divesting state-owned enterprises, deregulation of telecommunication, weakening of the state’s redistributive functions) (Nwankwo, 2000:147). Despite privatization and introduction of competition, most incumbents are still able to continue dominating the markets and enjoying significant advantages. The market share amongst the four operators in the telecommunications industry in Kenya is skewed in favour of one operator. The paper present an argument on macro-economic, political, legal, social, cultural, economic, institutional and policy issues (Isik, Arditi, Dilem and Birgonul, 2010:119) at the end of the seven year old oligopoly, market liberalisation, market distortions and competitive environment that favour established market players compared to new entrants. The paper is also highlighting the relevance of a classical theory such as Porter’s Five Forces competitive theory and macro environmental forces in explaining regulatory challenges faced by new market entrants in the telecommunications industry in Kenya and other emerging markets.

The study was conducted to assess possibility of predicting body weight on the basis of body measurement in crossbred Yoruba Ecotype in order to provide further information leading to their improvement. The genotype was made up of Yoruba Ecotype Chicken (FEC) and Dominant Black (DB). Mating type resulted from the crossing were (DB x DB), (DB x YE) and (YE x YE). Data were collected on Body Weight (BG), Breast Girth (BG), Body Length (BDL), Kneel Length (KL), Neck Length (NL), Shank Length (SL), Wing Length (WL) and Beak Length (BKL) were measured individually on adult progenies resulted from the crosses. The measurements were taken with aid of weighing scale and simple measuring tape. The General Linear Model (GLM) of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) was used for the analysis of the data generated. Coefficient of determination (R2) for all the traits were generally positive and significant (P < 0.05), highest value was obtained for DB x DB followed by DB x YE and least value was obtained for YE x YE. The value ranged from 0.88 – 0.98 in DB x DB, 0.36 – 0.97 in DB x YE and 0.86 – 0.95 in YE x YE. BG gave highest coefficient of determination across the genotypes; BG (0.98, 0.97, 0.95), followed by SL (0.94, 0.97, 0.95) and least value were observed in BKL (0.56, 0.365 and 0.46) for (DB x DB), (DB x YE) and (YE x YE) respectively. Conclusively, the result indicated that significant amount of improvement can be achieved through continuous selection and breeding of the genotypes involved in this study