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The FT?IR and FT?Raman spectra of benzyl fluoride were recorded and analyzed. The vibrational wavenumbers were examined theoretically with the aid of the GAUSSIAN 09 package of programs using the HF/6?311++G(d,p) and B3LYP/6?311++G(d,p) levels of theory. The data obtained from vibrational wavenumber calculations are used to assign vibrational bands obtained in IR and Raman spectroscopy of the studied molecule. The first hyperpolarizabililty, NBO, HOMO-LUMO, infrared intensities and Raman intensities are reported. The calculated first hyperpolarizability is comparable with the reported values of similar derivatives and is an attractive object for future studies of non?linear optics. The geometrical parameters of the title compound are in good agreement with the values of similar structures.

Understanding the molecular factor behind sex expression has immense importance both in basic and applied research. Determination of sex in Casuarina equisetifolia is of utmost important from the commercial forestry. Sex of plant is very important as number of female plants must be maximum. Plantation of seedlings of unknown sex leads to long term effects on yield. Hence correct identification of male and female genotypes at juvenile phase is important to maintain proper densities of female and male plants and dioecious nature also poses problem in tree breeding programmes. In many dioecious plants, gender influences economic value, breeding schemes, and/or opportunities for commercial use of genetically transformed materials.

A decent home is a basic need for every human. Owning a home has always been a great dream to everyone, it will secure one’s life and give protection to an individual and also the family. However, young people are at greatest risk when it comes to increasing house prices, interest rates with the portions of their monthly income are spending on monthly payment for the housing debt. Most of this generations are just started their working career and hardly earned a good pay. Therefore, the dream to own a decent house is only able to be realized if it is affordable to them. The term affordable simply means, the housing price will not cause excessive financial burden towards their monthly commitment. Malaysia as a developing country remain consistent about providing access to home ownership and several incentives are given to the young starters, however the responses on the incentives are mixed. As the potential house buyers across Malaysia tighten their belt more and more to meet the increasing price of the housing prices, it is about time to relook on the actual cause of the problems before it becomes a madcap to the nation’s economy.

Image is the combination of pixels. Pixel is the element which is present in the image in the dot form. In today’s era image is treated like as 3D form but at previous time image is in the form of 1D text or 2D text. In this paper we show the image compression on the images. We basically perform the compression on the biomedical images. Biomedical images are very huge in size. We select biomedical images because if we transfer any biomedical image from one place to another then we need compression methods.

The study used environmental, economic and social parameters to investigate the impact of open space conversion on neighbourhood quality in a planned residential estate in Nigeria. The study relied largely on primary survey to elicit information from 142 residents in the area using stratified random sampling approach. Data from existing literature were adopted in appropriate instances to enrich the study. Analysis of the data was carried out with use of several descriptive statistics (Relative Impact Index RII, Simple Frequencies, Percentages, Charts, etc) on Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS 17.0 version and Inferential Statistics (Multiple Regression Analysis). In addition, Contingent Appraisal Technique (WTP) was also employed in the analysis. The study showed that while increased neighbourhood noise level RII=0.758 is of the highest environmental effect, followed by increased air pollution RII=0.740, and increased neighbourhood insecurity RII=0. 706, however the residents’ WTP analysis revealed that the residents are willing to pay more for improved security WTP (RII=0.630) and sanitation WTP (RII=0.576) than any other aspects of environmental impact of open space conversion.

This research focused on the transformational leadership behaviors of lecturers in three institutions of higher learning in Nigeria and its impact on student satisfaction and retention. A questionnaire of 36 questions with Likert scale (1-5) was used as an instrument to gather data which helped to determine the student assessment of the transformational leadership behavior displayed by their lecturers and its impact on student satisfaction and retention in institutions in Nigeria. A sample size of 300 students was randomly selected for this research. Students who have been in the institution for more than one year were chosen for this research to ensure reliability of the data. In analyzing the data, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. From the correlation analysis, it showed that transformational leadership behaviors such as intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, idealized attributes, and individual consideration were highly correlated and significant with student satisfaction and retention in those two institutions in Nigeria. However, regression analysis shows that Transformational Leadership behavior of idealized attributes, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulations, and individual consideration were significant and positively influence student satisfaction level. This research has contributed to the existing knowledge by identifying those essential attributes of a lecturer which impacts positively on students’ satisfaction and retention in institutions in Nigeria. It was recommended among others that lecturers should always improve on the four areas of transformational leadership behaviours.

The aim of the research is to assess the level of awareness of indoor radon gas and its deleterious health effects to the population when accumulated over long periods. 100 questionnaires were distributed among subjects in the study area (Sakumono) out of which 87 were returned. These questionnaires were randomly distributed without recourse to any particular pattern, as the study area was composed of majority elite. The questionnaires sought to elicit information such as; type of house, type of ventilation system practiced, familiarity with radon gas, response to health threats, type of flooring, etc which subjects responded to. 42 out of the 87 respondents were males and 45 were females, which accounted for 48.3% and 51.7% respectively. 82.8% of the respondents had no knowledge of radon gas whereas only about 17.2% responded to having some knowledge of radon gas. By projection, it could be inferred that radon gas awareness in the entire country is shallow, thus this initial survey was intended to extend to cover other parts of the country. Focus group discussions also indicated that, most respondents were concerned about common preventive health behaviours (not smoking, excessive alcohol abuse, cleanliness etc) rather that radon gas preventive attitudes and behaviours. It was therefore concluded that the survey has in a way engendered more concern about health-specific information seeking attitudes among the subjects, not only about radon gas.

The debate about inclusive education has been lessened and the society is trying to digest into the education system in Kenya, the integration of pupils with special needs. Despite all these efforts there are still some challenges that affect inclusive education in our society today. The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers’ perception on the influence of their training on the integration of pupils with special needs classes in an inclusive setting. The study adopted the theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI) (2007); this theory has offered educators a comprehensive framework within which fundamentally different solutions could be implemented. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design to carry out the study since it involves the study of various entities. To ensure adequate representation, a target population of 240 teachers and 40 PTA representatives were used. A sample of 120 teachers and 20 PTA representatives were selected for the study. The survey instrument was pilot tested to improve its validity and relevance to the objectives of the study. The questionnaires and the interview schedules were scrutinized for errors and omissions, ambiguity, legibility and relevance. Data collection instrument used were questionnaires and interview schedules. The data collected was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The reliability of the instruments was piloted in one of the schools in Tinderet sub-county which was not included in the study. Data analysis was done by use of frequency tables and percentages. The study findings indicated that most of the teachers were not trained in special needs education and most of them were not attending in service courses and workshops on special needs education. Further, hearing aids, visual aids, brails and wheelchairs were not available in most of the schools while demonstrations and crutches were available and suitable in most of the schools. The study further indicated that teachers believed that pupils with special needs could not interact with other pupils. Further most of the school administrations rarely support integration of students with special needs by rarely providing the necessary resources, clarification of ways of handling children, motivating teachers of pupils with special needs in support of integration of learners with special needs in regular classrooms.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among information technology (IT), dissemination of informal knowledge and organizational learning. This article is implemented based on research findings described in firms with business areas of IT, and is formed as an analysis case in Taran Gostar Company. The literature was studied to develop a theoretical framework for the research model and after the library studies and exploratory interviews, investigate the relationship among IT, dissemination of informal knowledge and organizational learning were assessed through research surveys and questionnaires. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and measured with Cronbach's alpha and also the value of 0.85 was obtained. The SPSS software was used to examine the relationships between the components of knowledge. Results showed a direct and significant correlation (positive) between elements of the research topic. Correlation coefficient between IT and informal knowledge is equal to 0.702 and the correlation between IT and organizational learning is equal to 0.804. In this study, the researcher used a questionnaire based on the range of 5 options. 170 questionnaires were distributed among company employees of Taran Gostar and 102 cases of them were applicable.

The use of the gracilis and semitendinosus tendons (STG) is emerging as a method of choice for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ,to restore knee stability and the results are shown. This retrospective comparative study involves two groups operated in Clinque Judge Marseille in France between January 2011 to December 20, 2012 by four senior surgeons for instability with an ACL injury: Group 1 with 30 patients undergoing extra-articular and Intra-articular ligament with STG. Group 2 with 30 patients undergoing intra-articular ACL reconstruction with STG. The mean IKDC subjective score of the last follow-up was 75.9 (± 9.1) in Group 1 and 67 (± 6.6) in the group 2. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of a series of isolated ACL reconstruction with STG to those of a series of ACL reconstruction with an external reinforcing.