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Organization is a relatively young science in comparison with the other scientific disciplines. (Ivanko, 2013) Accounts of the growth of organizational theory usually start with Taylor and Weber, but, as Scott (1987) mentions, organizations were present in the old civilizations which goes back to Sumerians (5000, BC) and which experiences its maturation phase with Taylor, Fayol and Weber, continuing to come up to present with modern management methods and principles. The modern organization may be the most crucial innovation of the past 100 years and it is a theory which will never complete its evolution as the human being continues to exist. Understanding how organizations work has been the focus of scientists and scholars until the early part of the 20th century. Just as organizations have evolved, so to have the theories explaining them. These theories can be divided into 9 different “schools” of thought (Shafritz, Ott, Jang, 2005): Classical Organization Theory, Neoclassical Organization Theory, Human Resource Theory, or the Organizational Behavior Perspective, Modern Structural Organization Theory, Organizational Economics Theory, Power and Politics Organization Theory, Organizational Culture Theory, Reform Though Changes in Organizational Culture and Theories of Organizations and Environments. This introductory paper will concentrate on the organizational economics theory and is divided as follows: The introduction talks about the developments of the organization and organization theory from its early stages with detailed definitions. In section 2, theoretical roots in other words literature review on the subject will be presented. At further section, by looking at the perspectives of the 6 pioneering people (Jensen & Meckling, Williamson, Barney & Ouchi, and Rubin) main principles of the classical organization theory are presented one by one. Section 4 mentions strengths and weaknesses of the classical organizational theory and section 5 discusses and concludes the paper.

This research aims to explore the impacts of organizational learning with a mediating role of innovation on organizational performance. Furthermore, this research was conducted in the textile processing sectors in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Organizational learning and its four dimensions managerial commitment, systems perspective, openness and experimentation and the knowledge transfer and integration contribute the significant impact on organizational performance. There was used Structural Equation Modeling to measure the model and used SMART-PLS version 2.0 package. The studies identified some recommendations to textile processing sectors that organizations can provide a platform to facilitate its processing sectors to promote innovation and creativity for improving efficiency and effectiveness in the organization. Findings identify a number of suggestions through which there can be solve problems in the organizations with the use of knowledge, learning and innovative skills in other organizations.

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between employees’ perceptions of authentic leadership and employee engagement. Study was conducted in one of the multinational manufacturing companies that based in North Malaysia. A total of 118 employees working in the company provided responses to the scales to assess the perceptions of the authentic leadership and employee engagement. The result indicated a significant positive relationship between employees’ perceptions of authentic leadership and employee engagement. Interventions in developing authentic leadership among supervisors and managers and limitations of the study are also being discussed in the study.

Environmental friendly energy system is going to develop compared to convectional primary energy due to energy security problems. As the cost of solar energy is zero, the demand of solar energy is gradually increased in different purposes such as electricity, cooling and so on. Moreover, in the energy market, Photovoltaic (PV) inverters bear a very important role due to cost and efficiency. Hence, Transformer (TRX)-less inverter system is part and parcel where possible to reduce the overall system cost, size with high efficiency. In this review paper, different TRX-less inverter topologies are focused with the different switching conditions and the process of Leakage Current Reduction (LCR). Here is shown the basic concept of PV panel, flow chart according to the review papers, different leakage current paths and the mitigation processes.

This work investigates the phytochemical composition and anti-tussive effect of aqueous and alcoholic extract of Aneilema aequinoctiale. The phytochemical screening of the Aneilema aequinoctiale showed quantitatively the presence of alkaloids, saponin, steroid, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and tannins. The possible anti-tussive effects of the ethanolic and aqueous extract of the leaves, root, stem and whole plant of Aneilema aequinoctitale on Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pheumonia, Cryphtococcus neoformans and Streptococcus pneumonia were determined and compared. The extracts of the whole plant exhibited the widest inhibition zones followed by extracts of the leaves and stem, while the root extracts showed the least inhibition zones. The results are discussed with reference to the nutritional and medicinal values of the plant Aneilema aequinoctiale.

Six periods of English agriculture namely: prehistoric, historic, agricultural revolution, post agricultural revolution, green planet and post green planet were identified. Their previous and current land management practices were reviewed with reference to East Anglian Region (EAR), the food basket of the nation. The current land management practices at EAR with Writtle College Research and Teaching Farm as case study included: grassland on permanent pasture; one on 5 y ley to stocking, the other sown with red clover a y before stocking; the third treated with N fertilizer a y before stocking; the fourth on arable crop (barley); with pristine woodland as control. By aid of CENTURY 4.0 Model, simulation of soil carbon (C) storage was generated for the past, present and future (8050 yrs). The validity of the model was tested by fitting measured with simulated C. The closeness of data fit in deciduous woodland shows the accuracy of the prediction; while the variations in other sites show the effects of management. The assumed practices during different historical and future periods led to the following predictions and conclusions. All the current land management practices including woodland do not sequester enough C. Integrated approaches like agroforestry, silviculture are required. Nevertheless, given the current land management soil C sequestration will be moderate (0.02 ± 0.003 t ha-1 y-1) up to 2055 before impacts that will require other sustainable options will be noticed.

We are very happy to announce that from 9th June 2018, Prof. Dr. Alireza Heidari has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Chemistry. The appointment of Prof. Dr. Alireza Heidari as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

A significant increase of the electrical equipment in modern aircrafts is leading to an increase in the demand for electrical power. The usual electrical power distribution in aircraft applications is done via a three-phase 415 Vac grid. A new trend of DC distribution is emerging employing a 270 Vdc grid. With the advancement in the power semiconductor devices and power transformers, DC-DC converters are designed with frequency ranging up to MHZ range. Increase in the switching frequency along with the sudden change in the current di/dt or voltage dv/dt generates higher order harmonics which leads to Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI). EMI noise creates malfunctioning of the circuit and also leads to miscommunication within the system and sometimes leads to device failure. Which is an undesirable condition as far as airline is considered. Hence the reduction of EMI noise is of uttermost important. This paper focus on the reduction of EMI using passive filter along with modified PWM carrier modulation technique. A circuit model for the prediction of conducted emissions due to DC/DC converters in an aircraft black box system is proposed and corresponding attenuation method is been analyzed.

The biosorption is an effective and versatile method and can be easily adopted in low cost to remove heavy metals from large amount of industrial wastewaters. The biocarbon obtained from medicinal plant called Ocimum sanctum (Lamiaceae) is considered as a cheap materials for the removal of lead ions for aqueous solution. From batch biosorption studies, the effect of pH, contact time, different concentration of Pb(II) ions were used to estimate the optimum biosorption conditions. Removal efficiency of the biocarbon for Pb(II) ion in aqueous solution is maximum (87.5%) at pH 5.5. The effective contact time is 150min and the optimum biocarbon dose is 2.5g/100ml. The results indicate that, the percentage removal of metal ion increases progressively with the increase in amount of biocarbon dose. The activated biocarbon Ocimum sanctum was investigated as a replacement for the current expensive methods of removing metal ions from aqueous solutions.

Piezoelectric materials appealing for use in smart structures as sensors and actuators instantaneously transform mechanical energy to electrical energy and contrariwise. They remember configurations and guarantee them when subject to stimulus, have superb electromechanical coupling characteristics and outstanding frequency response .Innumerous utilization of smart structures technology to diverse physical systems have progressed to actively control shape, aeroelastic stability, noise, damping, vibration and stress distribution. In this article the research activities of piezoelectric materials for smart structures is grouped into characterization, formulation, analysis, applications & debonding in aid in future research activities in any of the grouped class.