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There are many socio-economic factors that affect the affordability level of house ownership such as household income, household expenditure, house prices, rental installment, type of occupations and others. If the income is sufficient to pay for a house and other household expenditures, then the person can be identified as having home affordability. The objectives of this research are to examine the housing affordability of Malaysian family student and to investigate the pattern of their expenses in Sheffield. The sample of this research comprises 30 Malaysian family students who rent in City Center, Tinsley and Firth Park. The convenience sampling technique is used for this research with regression method as its analytical tool. The findings indicate that Malaysian family students in Sheffield with 4 household members are afforded to rent a house with monthly instalment averaged at £435 if minimal £1,300 overall income obtainable either from the sponsors or through part time job. The pattern of their expenses in Sheffield shows that the significant monthly expenditures is housing rental with 35% allocation and 24% for food.

The observation that mother-to-child transmission of HIV can occur through breastfeeding has resulted in policies that recommend avoidance of breastfeeding by HIV infected women under specific circumstances in developing countries. We aim to estimate the present rate of HIV infected mothers who practice exclusive breast feeding in a tertiary level hospital in India. This cross sectional study examined practices of 82 counseled HIV mothers by using structured and open ended questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 .Our results showed that 58.6% (n=48) of mothers practiced exclusive breast feeding. 24.6% (n =12) of women were concerned about the social repercussions if they did not breast-feed, whereas 16.3% (n=8) stated they could not ensure hygienic food preparation. Breast feeding is the most community accepted feeding practice in India. Due to the lack of hygienic conditions, poor economic status and the risk of social repercussions breast-feeding should be promoted for HIV women.

The reckless release of cassava effluent into the environment has posed diverse environmental challenges. Its effects on phytotoxicity, nutrient quality and stability on compost were assessed under windrow composting method. There were two carbon (Rice bran and Sawdust) and nitrogen (Poultry manure and Cow dung) sources. Each of the carbon and nitrogenous feedstock were combined in ratio 1:3 with or without cassava effluent applied at 15 litres per pile. There were two replications. Ambient temperature and those of the composting piles were taken daily. Turning and moisture content were monitored. At compost maturity, composite compost samples were subjected to proximate analysis and phytotoxicity assessment by raising cowpea seedling in the compost extracts in the dark for 72 hours. There were four compost types and two compost extract concentration levels including 50 and 100 %. Two checks including distilled water and raw cassava effluent were considered for comparison. There were two replications laid out in completely randomized design. Data assessed showed that cassava effluent significantly reduced Mn and Fe concentrations in the compost. It further reduced number of days to attain stability by 9 and 19 days in rice bran and sawdust based compost respectively. It also increased the nitrogen content and alkalinity in the compost. Feedstock decomposition rate was increased by 54% in sawdust based compost. Its ability to greatly improve germination index of cowpea with values above the 100 % from distilled water growing medium at both concentrations levels showed the possibility of cassava effluent under aerobic composting condition to release growth stimulating substances into the growing medium.

Transitioning IPv6 takes several challenges and hurdles. Significant work has been carried out to different transition scenarios to prove their suitability is under research. It is observed in the literature that the Internet infrastructure still has not significantly migrated from IPv4 to IPv6, even after the introduction of IPv6 in 1995. While IPv4 and IPv6 Internet infrastructures co-exists together, IPv4 mobile users should not be restricted to utilize only IPv4 based networks and IPv6 mobile users should not be restricted to utilize only IPv6 based networks. The current Internet protocols IPv4 and IPv6 adopted for the Mobile Internet connectivity provide facility for roaming of IPv4 mobile node into IPv4 based networks and facility for roaming of IPv6 mobile node into IPv6 based networks. This paper highlights the need of mobile Internet connectivity while roaming of IPv4 mobile node into IPv6 based networks and similarly while roaming of IPv6 mobile node into IPv4 based networks by providing inter-mobility and interoperability between IPv4 and IPv6 mobile nodes when they are in each other’s IP networks. This paper also emphasizes that more research have to be carried out, to design an integrated architecture addressing, inter-mobility and interoperability for IPv4 nodes in IPv6 networks and to design an integrated architecture addressing, inter-mobility and interoperability for IPv6 nodes in IPv4 networks.

North of the Punjab the land rises into the Himalayan foothills, towards the snows. Politically, the hills are divided between the states of Jammu and Kashmir. To the north, beyond the Banihal Pass, lies the Kashmir Valley, over 5000 feet above sea- level. The Vale and its fringes are rich in timber, which was and remains the primary building material. Tall houses lining the Jhelum River in Srinagar are wood-framed, as are more handsome mosques, which take a form unique to Kashmir. Persian influence on Indian Culture is a vast subject with many sides to it. This research is based on just one aspect of it, that is, the role of Persian architecture on Indian landscape architecture, and in particular Kashmir cultural architecture.

Generally regarding the revision discussion and the finality of judgments in Iran, it can be said that after years of struggle for being religious or non-religious of revision discussion, the legislator Finally however it emphasized on the finality of decrees but by allowing review for most of the cases uses the exception in a way which practically leaves on single decree but a review possibility for that. Hence ,in the year of 1381 in a move to make amends past mistakes they eliminated different review possibility and detection but it didn’t succeed again because of establishing detection branches in country’s supreme court and degrading this institute to a simple court.in the year of 1385 and after that in the years of 86 and 88 by using the amendment article of 18 reduced the deficiency of the law of 1381 but yet by giving the right to review for final decrees which are against sharia to head of judiciary not only contradicts the law but questions the finality of decrees. The way used in this study is based on practical goal and an analyzing – descriptive approach.in information collection is based on library resources and by using real document. This study starts by finality definitions and after that investigates the historical course of finality and decrees violating in Iran legal system and also investigate the legal deficiency in this regard and at the end presents some suggestions for improving criminal system to achieve justice.

The Purpose of this research study is to measure the comparative financial performance of Islamic banking sector and conventional banking sector of Pakistan in terms of profitability, liquidity and risk & solvency. This research work also facilitate to all the stakeholders of Islamic banking sector and conventional banking sector including country heads of banks, branch managers, shareholders, creditors, investors, religious segment of population and regulatory bodies of Pakistan. Sample size consist of ten banks selected by using the conveyance sampling techniques including five leading Islamic banks (Meezan Bank, Bank Islami, Burj Bank, Dubai Islami Bank and Albarka Bank) and five conventional banks (MCB Bank Ltd, United Bank Ltd, Allied Bank Ltd, Habib Bank Ltd & Bank of the Punjab). The findings of the study indicated that conventional banking stream dominating on Islamic banking sector with respect to profitability at the cost of worst liquidity and high risk. Islamic banking sector dominated on conventional banking stream with reference to liquidity and risk & solvency at the cost of low profitability.

Bromelain is a mixture of protein digesting (proteolytic) enzymes found in pineapples (Ananas comosus). The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of bromelain as an anti browning agent, extracted and purified from pineapple crown and pulp. The efficacy of extracted bromelain was compared with widely used anti browning agents. Bromelain purified by ion exchange chromatography was run through a SDS PAGE gel and was found to be having a molecular weight ranging from 20 to 30 kDa. The effect of pH and temperature on the protease activity of bromelain sample was also estimated. The anti browning activity was found out to be higher in the fruit pulp extract in comparison with the crown leaf extract as the former showed higher protease activity almost twice the crown leaf extract. Bromelain within the concentration range of 0.1% to 0.8% hardly proved to be a potent anti browning agent but 1% crown extract bromelain was a better anti browning agent than acetic acid and also fruit pulp bromelain was found to be a much better anti browning agent than ascorbic acid and acetic acid.

An efficient, convenient and cost-effective method to synthesize 3,5-bis-(arylmethylidene)-tetrahydropyran-4-one derivatives using alum (KAl(SO4)2.12H2O) as catalyst was performed in aqueous media. This method has several advantages such as environmental friendliness, high yields and simple workup procedure.

ABSTRACT The use of the laser in its relationship to dentistry is a new tool. Surgical lasers have been used in medicine for over a decade in the surgical specialties of Otolaryngology, dermatology, plastic surgery, gynecology, ophthalmology, neurosurgery, urology, thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, orthopaedics and most recently in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Recently lasers have been recommended as an alternative or adjunctive therapy in the control and treatment of periodontally diseased root surface. Lasers commonly used in dentistry are CO2, Nd:YAG, Ho:YAG, Er: YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, Nd:YAP, GaAs (diode) and argon .The present article aims at providing an overview of basic principles and various types of lasers used in periodontal therapy.