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The study aimed at estimating the crop water requirements under climatic and geographical conditions of Armenia with the help of FAO-56 methods to improve irrigation. To calculate the evapotranspiration at 5, 25, 50, 75 and 95 % probability using 10 years’ meteorological data of 24 meteorological stations the Republic territory was conditionally divided into six irrigation zones. The comprehensive analysis show that by the end of this century the air temperature increases by 20 C degrees and precipitation decreases by 10 %, thus the crop water requirements increases resulting in irrigation water consumption change. The Republic irrigated land area will increase by 25-50 % over the existing one. The resulting evapotranspiration patterns before and after the climatic changes were mapped with the use of GIS technology.

In the present work, chitosan was coated onto the activated carbon and characterized by FT-IR study. The FT-IR spectra of all three chitosan coated carbon showed the characteristic adsorption peaks, which are shifted to lower wave number. The -OH stretching of pure chitosan were observed at 3454 cm-1, whereas the composite showed -OH peak at lower frequency. Due to this, the strong interaction between chitosan and carbon made the bio sorbent effective material for the removal of toxic metal ions from water.

This study was designed with the objectives to assess the facet-specific job satisfaction levels of the head teachers of elementary school in context of their school size and to determine significant differences between head teachers of smaller and bigger schools for their job satisfaction levels for each of the twenty dimensions of the job as measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. The study was descriptive and survey type in nature. The relevant data were collected from the head teachers using Urdu version ofthe MSQ. The collected data was computed using mean, and t-test statistics. It was concluded thatoverall, the head teachers were found satisfied with their jobs. Compensation, school policies and practices, social status, and working conditions were found least contributors of their job satisfaction. Among these factors compensation and social status were contributing less satisfaction to the head teachers of bigger schools as compare to the smaller schools. Recommendations were made focusing on the factors which were contributing least satisfaction for the head teachers. There is need to improve the compensation package and social status of the head teachers, andworking conditions and policies and practices in these schools.

This paper summarizes the introduction and importance of hidden markov model (HMM) as a classifier, learning and classification. A Markov process is a particular case of stochastic process, where the state at every time belongs to a finite set, the evolution occurs in a discrete time and the probability distribution of a state at a given time is explicitly dependent only on the last states and not on all the others. In this survey we present details of hmm, its mathematical foundations, advantages and applications in the field recognition.

Geophysical exploration using electrical resistivity surveys have been taken up as method to delineate the thickness and resistivities of different layers and identification of potential zones for groundwater development in Naguleru Sub-Basin of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is part of Cuddapah Basin of Peninsular India. Vertical Electrical Sounding were carried out up to 100 meters with 1/2 meter electrode spacing. The absolute resistivity values in the first layer of these formations range from 2 to 160 ohm-meters. and thickness ranges from 1.2 to 29meters, second layer ranges from 4 to 1160 ohm-meters and thickness ranges from 1.3 to 38.4 meters. The third layer commonly represents hard rock displaying the resistivity values ranging from 7 to 1621 ohm-meters to as high as infinite. The co-efficient of anisotropy varies from 1 to 2.59 and the spatial distribution of anisotropy values correlate with the water table fluctuation data. Groundwater potential zones have been demarcated by using interpreted geophysical analysis.

Image inpainting is the science of filling in the missing or damaged area of an image from the enclosing area’s information. Its purpose is to recover images with limited data loss and tries to obtain inpainting outputs of damaged parts in such a way that the recovered images look usual. In our proposed method we will divide the damaged portion of image in the form of reference pixel according to their dissipating property. Then by applying image inpainting we have obtained an image whose visuable quality is identical to cover image.

The aim of this study is to determine the evaluation level of animation in learning and teaching process and the effect of animation on academic achievement among undergraduate students in School of Applied Physics (PPFG), National University of Malaysia (UKM) by using contemporary Prezi.com software. For the purpose of teaching material, 4 animation models was designed which included 4 core subjects of 1st year students; electric and magnet, thermodynamic, wave and mechanics by using Flash 8 software which was then integrated as hypermedia presentation slide by using Prezi.com software. Lecturer and students can easily access the slide by entering the keywords in the searching engines like Google, Yahoo, Bing and ect. The sample of study involves 61 of 1st year students and 20 of 2nd year students at semester 2 academic session 20132014. Collected survey data forms 81 undergraduate students in PPFG, UKM showed an average of 98% interested in using of animation for learning and teaching. On the other hand 38% of them feel hesitate and worry about the implementation and the use of animation. However, 99% of them still believe that the use of animation can improve their academic achievement. This was proven by the results of tests 1 and 2, pre-test and post-test from the workshop organized which showed an increment in mean average of 3.6 to 7.5 and 2.7 to 5.5.

The present study was conducted in three different solvent extracts of leaves of Ageratum houstonianum (Mill.) (Asteraceae) and were screened against reference cultures, clinical isolates and fungal strains under in vitro condition. Among three solvent extracts of A. houstonianum tested against selected reference cultures, ethyl acetate extract was found to exhibit the highest activity (19 mm) against P. aeruginosa, followed by a second higher activity (18 mm) against S. typhi. In the case of K. pneumoniae, moderate inhibition was observed by ethyl acetate extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration for P. aerugenosa and S. typhi was found as 0.312 mg/ml of ethyl acetate extract. In the case of clinical isolates also, ethyl acetate extract of A. houstonianum was found to show higher activity (17 mm) against methiciline Resistant S. aureus (ICMR-5) which is found to be better than commercially available streptomycin, followed by a second higher activity using hexane extract (16 mm) against the same clinical isolate, whereas methanol extract showed only a moderate activity. Streptomycin was used as the positive control.

Innovation of technology changes the way of information delivery and information behavior. Thus, academic libraries are challenged to adapt to the changes in their working environment and take proactive actions to prove their value through excellent quality service delivery. The emergence of technology makes information available for all people. Academic libraries are no longer in their dominant position as information provider in higher institutions. Academic libraries are challenged by the impact of technology to shift their traditional role as information provider to new role as services provider supporting teaching, learning and research. The shift of role of academic libraries brings a great number of challenges and problems to academic libraries in various ways. This paper investigates the challenges that influence service delivery in library and knowledge management centres: A case Study of Technical University of Mombasa. The specific objectives of the study will be: To identify innovations adopted by the university in enhancing service delivery, To determine the effect of librarians' competence on service delivery and to establish the effect innovation based challenges on service delivery in Technical University of Mombasa.The study employed qualitative and quantitative research designs. The target population of this study comprised of library staff of Technical University of Mombasa. The study census and purposive sampling techniques. The sample size for the study comprised of ten respondents. The main data collection tool was questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed descriptively using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 23) and presented using tables, graphs and pie charts. The study findings showed that library innovation at Technical University of Mombasa Library included: online library, use of social media, institutional repository, home page and examination bank among others. These library innovations created a feedback platform from the library users on fines, book requests and renewals, ensured faster dissemination of information on any upcoming library events like orientation for new students, 24 hour access to library resources thus enhancing service delivery and improving customer satisfaction. The study concluded that library innovations affected service delivery. Majority of the respondents experienced innovation based challenges namely: poor internet connectivity which causes low response rate during day time due to higher access rate of internet and low usage of electronic resources due to love of social sites, occasional system failures and computer illiteracy among the librarians as well as the students. The effects of innovative based challenges on service delivery were: slow down library operations, lower user confidence in the effectiveness of library innovations, user dissatisfaction and low staff morale. Librarians were competent in using library innovations to enhance service delivery since they had adequate and prerequisite professional training and education as well as relevant work experience. Technical University of Mombasa ensured innovation competence among librarians through in-job training when necessary, spirit of teamwork among others. The study concluded that librarians' competence affected service delivery in Technical University of Mombasa. In order to improve service delivery using the library innovations, the study recommended: Training users and librarians on the use of the current innovations as well as other internet and computer based applications.

This study investigated the relationship between inventory management and the financial performance of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study employed longitudinal research design. Longitudinal design involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time which helps the researcher to be able to detect changes in the variables of interest. The population of the study covers all quoted manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange from 2011- 2015. However, a sample of 23 manufacturing companies was drawn from the companies listed in the Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2015. The study utilizes the Pooled Ordinary Least squares (OLS) and the Generalized Least squares (GLS) regression estimation. The use of the Pooled OLS is based on the fact that it is a simple way to examine the sensitivity of the results to alternative specifications and allows for greater flexibility in modelling differences in sample specific behaviour. Findings revealed that finished goods inventory, inventory turnover, inventory conversion period and ram material inventory all have a positive effect and also statistically significant at 5% level while work-in- progress cost is not significant. The Inventory turnover is positive (0.6634) and statistically significant at 5% level (p=0.0014) which implies that the higher the inventory turnover, the higher the level of profitability. Specifically, a 1% increase in inventory turnover results in about 66.3% increase in profitability and vice-versa. While the inventory conversion period (ICP) is negative (-0.3962) and statistically significant at 5% level (p=0.0014) implying that delays in inventory conversion affects profitability negatively. Specifically, a 1% delay in inventory conversion will result in 39% decrease in profitability. The study therefore, recommends that; manufacturing companies should improve their inventory turnover ratio as this has been observed to have a positive impact on profitability. Companies can do this by using sales discounts, marketing campaigns and total product improvements. There is also the need to improve the rate of inventory conversion by eliminating delays in the conversion process as delays have been found to adversely affect profitability.