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The present study was aimed to analyze the relationship between occupational stress and organization citizenship behavior of academic staff working in Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan. Qualitative and quantitative approaches have been used to explore the relationship of occupational stress and organization citizenship behavior by using a sample of 240 academic staff of public sector institutions of higher education located in Islamabad, Pakistan. Data were collected through personal visit to the offices of academic staff. Two research instruments i.e. Occupational Stress Inventory–revised (OSI-R) and OCB inventory by Podsakolf and Mackenzie were used to collect data. For data analysis Pearson Correlation was applied. Data analysis revealed that significant negative relationship was found in responses of academic staff regarding occupational stress and organization citizenship behavior.

Economic growth is the core power to promote and shape the urbanization development, which helps to promote the economic development and social progress in ethnic regions of China Ecological civilization focuses on improving the relationship and ending the confrontation, separation, mutual exclusion and conflict between man and nature, ethnic regions of China should promote the construction of ecological civilization from multiple aspects and realize sustainable development. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is one of five ethnic regions of China; the urbanization in Xinjiang is unique in its functions, layout, dynamic mechanism, realizing path, and system background. Thus, it is necessary to select different paths according to different local conditions, to achieve multiple functions of economic development, ecological security and social stability.

In this paper, we proposed the development of neural adaptive controls to ensure the robustness of uncertain nonlinear multivariable systems. We used two techniques: Robust neural adaptive control and neural indirect adaptive control. The study of the stability and robustness of both techniques was performed by Lyapunov theory. To validate these techniques and discover their effectiveness, a simulation example was considered. The simulation results obtained by these two control techniques have shown the effects of disturbance compensation, good performance tracking data paths and stability control systems. Comparative studies between these two techniques show that the neural indirect adaptive control cannot mitigate the effect of disturbances compared to the robust neural adaptive control.

Image cryptography and Steganography has attracted extensive research on the security of message that is to be transmitted in the open insecure medium. This is due to the fact that huge amounts of data can be hidden without perceptible impact to the carriers and possibly because of the popularity of electronic images and medical images that have become widely available. The chaotic based secret writing has its own advantage and it is mainly based on the initial condition which is the secret key for the secret writing. The chaotic based encryption serves as the robust mechanism against all sorts of attacks. In this paper, a novel image encryption and decryption scheme is proposed. Due to sensitivity to initial conditions, chaotic maps have a good potential for designing dynamic permutation map. Here a chaotic Henon map is used to generate permutation signal. Simulation results illustrate that the scheme is highly key sensitive and shows a good resistance against brute-force and statistical attacks.

This article investigates social trust- trust in other citizens- and its determinants in two cities of Iran. For this purpose, a model based on institutional theory of Rothstein and Stolle (2008) and Putnam's social capital theory was designed and tested. Variables extracted from the first theory include: feeling social security, discrimination experience, attitude toward corruption and institutional trust. Variables extracted from the second theory are membership in formal groups, membership in informal groups, components of socioeconomic status (education, income and job rank), using mass media, age as well as city of residence. Through cluster sampling 1200 individuals were randomly selected to contribute to the study. The results clearly indicate that the institutional theory is stronger to explain social trust than social capital theory. That is to foster social trust in a society primarily it is necessary to control destructive factors so that nurturing factors of trust are effective.

Direct tabletting technique is the modern and the most efficient process used in tablet manufacturing which has been successfully used for various drugs. But the process strongly depends upon the quality of the crystals used. Spherical agglomeration, a novel crystallization technique that can transform directly the fine crystals produced in the crystallization or in the reaction process in to a spherical shape agglomerates, was developed by Yoshiaki Kawashima and coworkers in 1986. There are currently four methods to accomplish the conversion of drug particles into spherical agglomerates. Spherical agglomeration technique can transform directly the fine crystals, produced in the crystallization process into a spherical shape. Spherical agglomeration is a particle design technique, by which crystallization and agglomeration can be carried out simultaneously in one step. Spherical crystallization is a versatile process that enables to control the type and size of the crystals. Agglomerates exhibit improved secondary characteristics like flowability and compressibility. Drug release from these spherical crystals can be improved or can be controlled. This technique will be an invaluable technology in future, if it is scaled-up to manufacturing level. In this review we will discuss about the advantages, method and parameters which can be improved by spherical crystallization process. In addition current and future prospects of spherical crystallization are also discussed.

Stress may be considered as any physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental unrest and that may be a factor in causing disease. Physical and chemical factors that can cause stress include trauma, infections, toxins, illnesses, and injuries of any sort. Emotional causes of stress and tension are numerous and varied. While many people associate the term stress with psychological stress, scientists and physicians use this term to denote any force that impairs the stability and balance of bodily functions. Relaxation techniques are an essential part of stress management. If you're an overachiever, you may put relaxation low on your priority list. Don't shortchange yourself. There are active ways of achieving relaxation. Relaxation is invaluable for maintaining your health and well-being, and repairing the toll that stress takes on your mind and body. Almost everyone can benefit from learning relaxation techniques. Relaxation techniques help to slow your breathing and to focus your attention on the here and now. The concept of enjoying the moment we are living in, rather than being worried about what could happen in the future. Common relaxation techniques include meditation, mindfulness, tai chi and yoga. For a more active approach, walking outdoors or participating in a sporting sports activity can be relaxing

The main benefit of the recycling is a double decrease of the environment loading, known as an environmental impact reducing. From the first view point, the natural resources conserves at side of the manufacturing process inputs, from the second view point, the harmful compounds amount leaking to the environment decreases at side of the manufacturing process outputs. The paper production from the recycled fibers consumes less energy; conserves the natural resources viz. wood and decreases the environmental pollution.

The aim of this present work is to investigate the sorption potential of a modified and unmodified fly ash as a law-cost adsorbent material for the removal of phenyl from aqueous medium. In this regard fly ash is a very attractive option, because it is cheap, widely available and has good mechanical stability for handing purposes and employment in adsorption columns. The effect of various factors such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, PH, temperature and initial adsorbent. A concentration on the sorption process was investigated under batch equilibrium technique using UV/Vis Spectrometry. The result obtained showed that the capacity of fly ash for adsorption of Phenyl depends on the initial PH and concentration of solutions.

Death is an inevitable phenomenon that we should accept it as a part of our life. Because everybody will die and we cannot disregard it in our life. One of the most difficult events that may occur for every child or teenager is that one of his/her relatives be died. In order to therapy the consequences of death, it is necessary to acquire different information about its therapy methods such as cognitive-behavioral therapy. This is why that the present study was aimed to examine the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy methods on decreasing symptoms of depression among students with abnormal grief. The research methodology of this study is a pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study includes the students with grief that experienced one of their relatives’ deaths and had symptoms of abnormal depression based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IR-IV). The sample members have been selected randomly and then were appointed to experimental and control groups randomly. In order to collect the research data, the questionnaire of child and teenagers’ depression has been used. In order to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses, Covariance analysis has been used in the SPSS. The results revealed that there is a significant difference between control and experimental groups’ depression after intervention (p?0.001). Therefore, it can be concluded that the cognitive-behavioral therapy has a significant effect on decreasing symptoms of depression among students with abnormal grief.