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Karandamalai is one of the floristically rich hill ranges in Eastern Ghats harbors many rare, endemic and endangered plants. During 2006-2007, the present author has made extensive botanical explorations in this hill range which resulted in the collection of several interesting plants. A total of 23 species belonging to 21 genera under 14 families were discussed in the present communication. This includes one new species Tylophora thiyagarajariae R. Kottaimuthu and four new records for Eastern Ghats. A new name Caralluma ravikumariae R. Kottaimuthu, is proposed for Caralluma adscendens var. gracilis.

In this paper, we consider the stability of the An Alternating Direction Explicit Scheme for solving two-dimensional Sine-Gordon Equation .The derivation of the An Alternating Direction implicit Scheme schemes was presented. The stability and consistency of the scheme are described . The scheme is found to be unconditionally stable and convergent.

There is an increasing state and private sector investment in community- irrigation schemes in Africa. Both governments and private sector investors are equally concerned about the willingness to pay and affordability of such schemes to local farmers. Others are equally concerned about sustainability of public investments in irrigation infrastructure, production enhancement, operation and maintenance costs, climate variability, market failure, externalities, decreasing marginal costs and cost recovery. Investors are worried about return on investments (ROI) when investing in such risky areas and advise farmers and government to use appraisal tools such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and accounting rate of return (ARR). In a study conducted in three provinces of Mozambique, Maputo, Sofala and Zambezia involving five districts (Boane, Magude, Manhica, Gorongoza and Mopei) where questionnaires and interviews were conducted with 281 farmers, it was established that farmers were not willing to pay operation and maintenance costs, embarked on collective action, thus frustrating the government’s efforts to recover costs. There is an increasing perception that community irrigation schemes remain reliant on state subsidies and financial analysis projected through NPV, IRR and ARR is not often translated into sustainable return on investment (ROI) for both the private sector and government investors. This paper looks at strategic investment initiatives of the Government of Mozambique and the private sector in terms of yielding sustainable irrigation and agricultural outputs and ensuring long-term benefits for both farmers and investors. The paper attempts to balance issues of investment appraisal systems and endogenous factors that are relevant in dealing with irrigation schemes.

Synthetic dyes are indispensable to the textile and dyeing industries. Among all synthetic dyes, azo dyes are the most common, being used up to 90 percent of the tonnage, as they are versatile and easy to synthesize. Yet many azo dyes are toxic and cause genetic mutations. Even a very low concentration of these dyes in industrial effluents is enough to do great damage to the environment. Textile effluent is known to contain strong color, large amount of suspended and dissolved solids, and high BOD and COD concentration. Because of these characteristics, treatment of textile effluent has been a rather difficult task. Several processes have been attempted and reported in literature for removal of dyes present in the textile effluents such as adsorption, membrane separation and biological treatment etc. Among this biological treatment method are found to be cost effective and gives high efficiency over other methods for the removal of dye compounds present in the textile effluent and hence in this present work an attempt is made to reduce the BOD, COD, TDS and TSS using biological method.

This study aims to examine the effects of macroeconomic variables on non-oil exports in Iran, for the period of 1965-2010. The paper employs the ordinary least square (OLS), unit root tests and co-integration technique of Johansen as analytical tools. Result found indicates that the positive significant effects of real gross domestic product and free market exchange rate on non-oil exports. While, the effect of inflation rate on non-oil exports have been found insignificant with unexpected positive sign.

In the crystal structure of [2,6-(C2H5)2C6H3NH3]2(HSO4)2.3H2O, inorganic entities form corrugated layers parallel to ab plane between which organic groups are located. This structure is characterised by the existence of two groups HSO4- crystallographically independent which form dimmers (H2S2O8)2-. These dimers are interconnected by water molecules via strong H-bonds (dO...O < 2.73 Å).

Good quality of semi organic single crystals of a urea copper sulphate (UCS) was grown from solution by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. Good optical quality single crystals with dimensions 15×11×3 mm3 were obtained. The grown crystal had been confirmed by single X-Ray Diffraction Method. UV -Vis absorption, studies reveals that the grown crystal was optically transparent through the visible range. The vibrational frequencies of various functional groups in the crystals had been derived from Fourier transform infrared spectrum. Dielectric studies have been made. Dielectric studies give information about the charge transport mechanism of a material. The optical absorption studies indicate that for the sample, optical transparency window is quite wide, making it suitable for NLO applications.

War is the greatest catastrophe that brings death and destruction, merciless slaughter and butchery, disease and starvation, poverty and ruin in its wake. A disturbing side of modern wars is that they tend to have global implications. The psychological and economic impact of war on their belligerent societies is huge. Terrorism is driven by politics even when the justifications given for the killing of innocents and the recruiting tools of terrorist groups are cast in religious, ethnic, linguistic or moral terms. The war in Syria is a befitting example. The image of Aylan Kurdi, the small Syrian boy washed up on a Turkish beach, was so heart wrenching that the European politicians and the public opened their arms and their hearts to these refugees. It is high time that the regimes should realize that there are other choices to violence and its attendant terror to gain what they want. The paper seeks to explore the reasons behind the Syrian War and to analyze the deplorable condition of the Refugees. 

Based on Hodrick-Prescott filter for non-performing loan ratio of commercial banks and economic growth ratio, this paper set up VAR model, also analyze the impact from economic growth to the fluctuation of non-performing loan ratio of commercial banks. The result shows that the attack from economic growth to non-performing loan ratio achieves maximum after three quarters. From the conclusion, some measures for preventing and controlling banks’ systemic risk should be implemented, such as implementing counter-cyclical mechanism for the central bank, improving the export competitiveness for government, strengthening internal credit mechanism for commercial banks.

Nowadays regarding to increasing complexity of organizations and differences in thoughts, attitudes and beliefs of individuals, there has been some conflicts in organizations as inevitable part of organizational life which should be properly identified and managed. But now what is important to resolve organizational conflicts is awareness of the five conflict management strategies and their appropriate contexts and applications in order to select the appropriate strategy for each position; not only to prevent damage to the organization, but leading them to the realization of organizational goals. Emotional intelligence is an ability of managing organizational conflict. The process and outcomes of Emotional Intelligence includes many results such as reduction of stress, enhancing understanding and communication, increasing stability, continuity and empathy. Conflict management is to resolve disputes, teamwork, cooperation, working with people through shared goals, etc. This is a descriptive survey which sought to identify the impact of emotional intelligence on conflict solving strategies. In this regard, this survey achieves some results in conflict solving strategies and its impressionability based on the components of emotional intelligence.