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Statistical Process Control (SPC) is the best choice to monitor software reliability process. It assists the software development team to identify and actions to be taken during software failure process and hence, assures better software reliability. In this paper we propose a control mechanism based on the cumulative observations of Interval domain data using the mean value function of Burr type XII model, which is Non-Homogenous Poisson Process (NHPP) based. The Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) approach is used to estimate the unknown parameters of the model.

We evaluate monitory cost to explore the reasons and find that using venture capitalists as specialized investors with lower monitoring costs than other institutional investors, earnings management is less likely for low investor beliefs but more likely for high investor beliefs for VC-backed firms relative to non-VC-backed firms. Numerous studies conclude that firms manage earnings upward prior to issuing equity Securities in an effort to minimize the dilution effect on existing shareholders (Theo, Welch and Wong, 1998a and 1998b). Erickson and Wang (1999) extend this line of reasoning to corporate mergers in which the acquiring firms pay for the target with stock. Similar to an equity offering for cash, they suggest that acquirers inflate earnings prior to the merger in order to increase stock prices, and thereby reduce the number of shares they must exchange in the stock swap. We can also obtain the same results as former study that auditor’s quality negatively related with earnings management. Considering above consequence, we documents IPOs firms engaged in managing earnings with high investor beliefs have an influence on the long-run abnormal stock return performance. These findings have implications for investors, firms, and accounting standard setters. More prudential monitory is important during market booming periods. We founded that firms have incentives to engage in earnings management before the announcement date of private equity offerings. The manipulation direction may be upward or downward according to the types of placement. Our empirical results indicated that management tended to manage reported earnings upward when the private placement was subscribed by non-insiders; whereas management tended to downward manage earnings when the private placement was subscribed by insiders.

The marine crustaceans shells are collected for their richness in chitin, a natural polymer when chemically deacetylated can form a derivative called chitosan, which is a promising material for biomedical applications on account of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, cellular binding capability, antimicrobial activity and wound healing effect. Extraction of chitin involves demineralization and deproteinization. In crude form, chitin has a highly ordered crystalline structure with poor solubility and low reactivity. The chitin structure can be modified by removing the acetyl groups by means of a chemical hydrolysis in concentrated alkaline solution at elevated temperature to produce a deacetylated form. When the fraction of acetylated amine groups are reduced to 40-35%, the resultant co-polymer, (1 ? 4)-2-amine-2-deoxy-?-D-glucan and (1 ? 4)-2-acetamide-2-deoxy-?-D-glucan, is referred to as chitosan. Blending of reactive chitosan to fabrics using an exhaust reactive dyeing method can be performed to prepare the biomedical cotton fabrics. AATCC-100 standard test method was done for quantitative antimicrobial evaluation of coated cotton fabrics against selected nosocomial pathogens. Wash fastness test (AATCC-124 test method) results ensured the bioefficacy of bound chitosan to fabrics and the persistence of antimicrobial activity to the number of washes. Colonies of bacteria recovered on the agar plate for both untreated and treated of the washed and unwashed fabrics was used to analyse the reduction percentage of bacteria.

The “biological monitoring” has been widely used to assess the environment impact of pollutant discharges. The methodology must be evaluated in terms of false positives and false negatives. A false positive is an indication that an excursion beyond previously established quality control conditions (i.e., unacceptable conditions) has occurred when, in fact, one has not. A false negative is an indication that conditions are acceptable when, in fact, they are not. Statistics must play a more important role in biological monitoring because they are capably of explicit statement of confidence in the biological monitoring results. With appropriate statistical evaluation of the data, professional judgment on whether to initiate immediate action or wait for more confirming data will be more objective and reliable. In order to optimize the usefulness of biological monitoring, the selection of biological monitoring methodology shall not be based on the investigator’s favorite organism or group of organisms. Neither can be a convenient methodology adopted by regulatory agencies. The selections must be based on the compatibility of data generated with the decision making process, including the statistical establishment of confidence in the result obtained.

Present study was designed to identify the causes of domestic violence on woman. Women in many societies face violence at home due to various reasons ranging from social and cultural norms or their own failure at empowering themselves. The report includes an opinion on different causes of domestic violence and discusses each using the methodology of survey sampling and literature retrieved on the subject. In the end of the report is a discussion on the most agreed upon cause of the violence faced by women to create awareness for the reader on the subject and to fulfill the purpose of the report in highlighting the basic cause leading to violence.

The model of mass transfer unsteady free convection two-dimensional flow of an incompressible, electrically conducting viscous fluid along an infinite vertical porous plate through porous medium with time dependant Permeability and oscillatory suction in the presence of chemically reacting species has been studied. The dimensionless governing equations are solved using Perturbation technique. The results are obtained for velocity, concentration, Sherwood number and skin friction. The effect of various material parameters are discussed on flow variable and presented by graphs and tables.

In this project water samples were collected from, two villages in Ernakulam District of Kerala State in India, namely Cherukadappuram and Nettoor. The water samples included river water, bore well water and well water from Cherukadapuram. The water samples from Nettoor included pond water and well water. The analysis of the water quality parameter of different water samples were found to be similar in case of Dissolved Oxygen while it was highly varying in other parameters of study. Pond water sample collected from Nettoor has a salinity of 63.93 PPT Dissolved chloride ions was found to be 34.84 mg/l . It has comparatively high amount of sulphate and nitrite. Therefore among the collected samples pond water sample collected from Nettoor was the most polluted one. In the study, river water sample collected from Cherukadapuram is also polluted . The salinity was found to be 130.32PPT .The dissolved chloride ions were estimated to be 71.02mg/l. It contains highest amount of sulphate as well as nitrite. Bore well water is mainly used for house hold purposes. The sample had a pH of 7.15 and normal salinity. But the sulphate content is high with low nitrite content. So it is not suggested for consumption without proper treatment. The well water samples collected from Cherukadapuram and Nettoor is found to be less polluted. Sulphate and nitrite are absent in both the water samples.

In general technologies in the field of education have a significant history. The focus of this study was to determine the level of computer use among the teaching staff at Princess Nora University in KSA. A total of 80 teaching staffs were participated in this study. Data was collected from academicians through a survey consisting of demographics variables, and level of computer use. Questionnaire results were analyzed quantitatively. Findings of the study showed that teaching staff at Princess Nora University generally had a high level of computer use. However, a in depth research is required, in order to investigate the factors affecting the use of computer technology among the teaching staff. As this study is limited to a particular setting and particular participants, further study is needed.

Core stability is a foremost important thing when the discussion of spinal stability comes into light. The TrA is amongst the first trunk muscles to fire when limb activity is initiated. Core stability is a umbrella term covering aspects like core strength, balance, power etc. core stability is a complex interplay between active/passive and neural subsystem. Communication between musculature and the neuromuscular system is what enables the body to regain the equilibrium state .this is also termed as the APA (anticipatory postural adjustments) where postural adjustments allows body to increase proximal stability. Over the last several years the evidence on correlation between performance and core stability has remained inconclusive. It appears that focus of research must be directed to determine whether tests of core stability are related to athletic performance or not.