Archives- 

Epivir is an anti HIV agent belonging to the class of nucleosides reverse transcriptase inhibitors. These drugs interrupt the virus to make copy of it. A systematic quantum chemical study and vibrational spectra of Epivir has been reported. Structure and spectral characteristic of Epivir have been studied using vibrational spectroscopy and quantum chemical methods. Density function theory calculations of optimized geometry and vibrational spectra have been carried out by Gaussian03, using 6-311G basis set and B3PW91 functional. Based on these results we have discussed the correlation between these vibrational modes and crystalline structure of Epivir. A complete analysis of experimental IR and Raman spectra has been reported on the basis of wave number of the vibrational bands. The IR and the Raman spectra of the molecule based on DFT calculations shows reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The calculated HOMO, LUMO shows that the charge transfer takes place within the molecule.

Present investigation deals with the role of plankton indicators to assess the pollution status of the Yamuna river at Kalpi (U.P.). Pollution status of the river was assessed by employed Palmer’s Algal species Pollution Index. Samples were collected at four sampling sites on the Yamuna river for a period of one year in each month of every season. Samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters and identification of recorded planktons with try to find correlation between them. 25 genera of phytoplankton, belonging four groups Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae. and 16 genera of zooplankton belonging four groups Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda were recorded and identified. Recorded pH, Conductivity, Turbidity, T.D.S., PO4, B.O.D. and C.O.D. were beyond the drinking water limit of WHO while T.H., Cl, SO4 and NO3 were under the limit and D.O. was satisfactory to good condition. Presence of pollution indicator algal forms i.e, Euglena viridis, Oscillatoria limosa, O. tenuis, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Stigeoclonium tenue, Synedra ulna, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Oscillatoria chlorina, Chlorella vulgaris, Cyclotella meneghiniana and presence of dominant Rotifer’s zooplankton population with Brachionus calyciflorus shows signs of organic pollution in studied water. Sampling site S4 was more polluted but S3 and S2 site was moderately polluted and S1 lack of organic pollution. In S4 sampling site pollution index score was high with high physico-chemical parameters.

Preparation of ZnO nanorod based natural dye-sensitized solar cell is reported. Seed layers were deposited on glass / ITO substrates using dip coating method with zinc acetate dihydrate as starting material. ZnO nanorods were fabricated on induced seeds by hydrothermal method using hexamethylenetetramine as a precipitant and zinc nitrate as source at 90°C. The crystal structure, orientation and surface morphology were investigated by X-Ray diffractometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Optical properties were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy. Prepared ZnO nanorods were employed as wide band gap semiconductor to construct natural dye-sensitized solar cells. Various natural dyes, extracted from natural plants such as leaves and flowers were used as sensitizers for natural dye-sensitized solar cells. The fill factor and solar-light-to-electricity conversion efficiency were obtained.

Acute ischemic stroke is a major cause of long-term disability and the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. One of main parts of it pathogenesis is production of reactive oxygen species. The goal of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of the new xanthine derivative B-YR-2 (hydrazide of 1,3-dimethyl-8-N-benzylaminoxanthinyl-7-acetic acid), which demonstrated high antioxidant qualities in vitro, in comparison with thiotriazoline, mexidol and citicoline.. Injection of B-YR-2 compound to the rats with experimental stroke had the most pronounced neuroprotective effect. B-YR-2 increased number of glial cells and neurons in the cerebral cortex and stimulated their morphofunctional activity.

The use of non edible oils blend in direct injection diesel engine shows its potential to reduce or control the NOx emissions. Combustion analysis of non edible and non edible blends revealed that the blends had a shorter ignition delay than diesel alone, at both full and light load, and a lower premixed burn fraction at full load. However, the diffusion burn rates were similar. The shorter ignition delay due to high cetane number of non edible oil blends has been suggested as being one of the causes of NOx increase the peak pressure and temperature increase in flame temperature in either pre mixed or diffusion burn has been followed by subsequent increase in NOx emission. This was due to reduction of carbonaceous soot concentration. The performance characteristics of an engine such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, brake power and engine torque were not much affected, up to a blend of 20% with neat diesel. The Co and particulate emissions were found to be decreasing with the % increase in blend with a subsequent increase of NOx. Thus the blending of fuel is being limited to 20% in majority of cases to obtain optimum performance and emission characteristics. This paper suggests about by using various types of non edible oils as fuel and blends directly in diesel engines by modifying properties by injecting or Trans-esterification.

Policy is a plan of action agreed or chosen by a people; a principle or framework adopted which influences their belief, actions, and operations. Out of 20 million people who suffer from the disease globally, an estimated 8million live in Nigeria. Onchocerciasis has been a public health problem in Nigeria for over three decades leading to disabilities and loss of person-hours with its negative consequences on health and the economy. This article examined the state of onchocerciasis policy in Nigeria since inception. Continuous review and improvement on government policies, strategies, and programmes is a positive step towards attaining a Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) free world.

We report herein the use of Nickel acetyl acetonate [Ni(acac)₂] as a new catalyst for the one-pot Biginelli reaction coupling of ?-ketoester, aldehydes and urea (or thiourea) to afford the corresponding dihydropyrimidinones/thiones.

The transfer reactive power from production source to consumption areas during steady-state operating conditions is a major problem of voltage stability. Hence voltage stability enhancement margin is interrelated with Reactive power loss (RPL). In practical, the power system network has 80-90% inductive loads. When the loads are increased, the line currents are increased, reflecting to the increase in Reactive power loss. This will leads to voltage instability that means the power system gets closer to the instability point. Reactive power can be dispatched effectively to maintain acceptable voltage levels. Maintaining viable voltage levels are very important to avoid voltage collapse. The optimal allocation of a VAR compensator is implemented using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). These two algorithms are implemented considering its less memory requirement and inherent simplicity. Simulation is carried out by using MATLAB Software for IEEE 14 bus system and the results are presented and analysed.

One of the most sensitive features of the sheet metal forming is the elastic recovery during unloading called springback. Sheet metals are prone to some amount of springback depending on elastic deformation. Obtaining the desired size and design of die depends on the knowledge of the amount of this springback. So the accurate prediction of the springback is very important. The springback is affected by the factors such as sheet thickness, material properties, tooling geometry etc. In this paper the effect of various parameters such as sheet thickness, ratio of die radius to sheet thickness, strength coefficients on springback are studied. Also a Neural Network prediction model is prepared and the results of FEA and NN model are compared for springback.

A ciliate Coleps hirtus is primarily a member of the Prostomatea (Schewiakoff, 1896), subclass Hypotrichia. During the period two years Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2008 total number of 1626(677 in Jan. to Dec. 2007 and 947 in Jan. to Dec. 2008) samples was examined, the number of positive samples with Coleps sp. was 281. The percentage prevalence was 14.33 and 19.43 respectively. Morphologically it show barrel shaped body with number of rectangular peculiar calcareous plates and three spinous processes at the posterior side. The characters help to understand this species even in swimming condition.