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The efficacy of diatomaceous earth (DEs) alone and combined with two microbial pathogens Nomuraea rileyi and Lecanicillium lecanii against two species, Bruchidius incarnatus and Rhyzopertha dominica was evaluated. Modified diatoms with Calcium hydroxide (Ca-DE) and modified diatoms with Sodium hydroxide (Na-DE) were the highlight treatments against tested insects and achieved the highest mortality percentages. Ca-DE was the most effective DE and accomplished the highest mortality percentages recorded 88% and 96% after treated R. dominica and B. incarnatus with 1.0%, respectively. The lowest mortality percentage was recorded in case of Al-DE at concentration 0.5% and amounted (21and 15%), for the corresponding species, respectively. Ca-DE and Na-DE were the most effective treatments in enhancing the potency of the tested fungi. The presences of DEs seem to have different types of impact on fungal potency. In most cases, DE combinations with tested fungi had synergistic effects, while Al-DE impaired the efficacy of N. rileyi against tested insects. Ca-DE has insecticidal, repellent and ovicidal effects against target insects. The current results revealed that both Ca-DE and Na-DE were the most effective DEs tested and they had synergistic effects on the potency of tested fungi.

There are many studies on the relationship between geographical features and the design of houses but few studies have investigated the role of culture and social factors in people’s decisions on how to build their houses. This paper investigates the cultural, political, and social factors affecting the structures of traditional houses of Isfahan, Iran. First, a short introduction to Isfahan is presented, then the structure of traditional houses is analyzed, and finally the environmental and humanistic factors affecting the design of Isfahan traditional houses are discussed.

The proposed FXLMS techniques have been modeled using Verilog HDL; the models have been verified using test benches with a functional coverage of 95%. The results obtained have been compared with MATLAB results, which are considered to be a benchmark. The HDL (Hardware Description Language) code is synthesized using Synopsys Design Compiler targeting 130-nanometer TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) library and target technology. The synthesized netlist obtained for all the adaptive filtering techniques proposed in this research work is taken through physical design flow consisting of Floor planning. Placement and Routing steps. The results obtained at each step are simulated for the functionality. The final GDSII (Graphical Design Standard II) file is generated for the proposed techniques. The floor planning, placement and routing of the netlist ensures that the overall size for the entire chip does not exceed by 2.15 Square millimeters. The results obtained for NLMS adaptive filtering techniques using pipelining, parallel processing, low power techniques and floating point architectures have proven that the complexities in the industrial applications can be met if the design is implemented on ASIC.

Technologies have advanced rapidly in the field of digital signal processing due to advances made in high speed, low cost digital integrated chips. These technologies have further stimulated ever increasing use of signal representation in digital form for purposes of transmission, measurement, control and storage. Design of digital filters especially adaptive or semi adaptive is the necessity of the hour for SAR applications. The aim of this research work is to design and performance evaluation of 380-400 KHz Bartlett, Blackman and Chebyshev digital semi adaptive filters. For this work XILINX and MATLAB softwares were used for the design. As pert of practical research work these designs were translated using FPGA hardware SPARTAN-3E kit. These were optimized, analyzed, compared and evaluated keeping the sampling frequency at 5 MHz for 64 order. Both these filters designed using software and hardware were tested by passing a sinusoidal test signal of 381 KHz along with noise and the filtered output signals are presented.

Malnutrition is defined as a lack of proper nutrition. The vast majority of the world?s hungry people live in developing countries, where 12.9 percent of the population are undernourished. It is prevalent in children particularly those in developing countries where one person out every four there is undernourished (FAO, 2015). Mortality is related to the severity of the malnutrition (WHO, 2008). In Somalia, child malnutrition remains a major health problem where the proportion of under-five children who were underweight in 2013 was 40% and 21% in rural and urban areas respectively (UNICEF, 2014). The purpose of this study was to investigate determinants of malnutrition among children under five years in SOS Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study comprised of a cross-sectional hospital survey. The study population constituted children who were diagnosed as malnutrition cases at SOS Hospital in Mogadishu. The probability systematic random sampling technique was used and the sample size was constitute 384 malnutrition patients. A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS software to describe and identify significant associations between different variables. Descriptive summary statistics and graphical summaries in tables and charts were used to present the study findings.

This research work was done to design oral controlled release matrix pellets of water insoluble drug Indomethacin (IM), using blend of Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and glyceryl palmito stearate (GPS) as matrix polymer, methyl crystalline cellulose (MCC) as spheronizer enhancer, sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) as pore forming agent. Drug loaded pellets were characterized with regard to the drug content, size distribution, and pellets were further characterize by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetrydsc), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X ray diffraction study (XRD). Stability studies were carried out on the optimized formulation for a period of 90 d 40 ± 2 oC and 75 ± 5% relative humidity. It was found that drug content was in the range of 92.11 to 97.45 %. The mean particle size of drug loaded pellets was in the range 1032 to 11176 mm. SEM photographs and calculated sphericity factor confirms that the prepared formulations were spherical in nature. The drug loaded pellets were stable, compatible, as confirmed by DSC and FTIR studies. XRD patterns revealed the crystalline nature of pure IM. The higher amount of IM released was observed from formulation A5 (97.12 %) and Microcid SR?– 75mg capsule (98.43%) as compared to all other formulations and mechanism of drug release followed Fickian diffusion. It can be conclude that formulation A5 is an ideal formulation for once a day administration.

The present paper has focused on the development of an Alluminium metal matrix composite (AMMC) which posses good mechanical properties to meet the functional requirements as the materials of machine elements. The AMMC samples are prepared by mixing reinforcement materials like SiC, Al2O3, Al3C4 in different sizes and percentages with Alluminium base materials like Al6061, Al6063, Al7075 using stir casting furnace according to taguchi orthogonal array OA L9 for minimizing experimental cost. The properties (responses) like density, tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness are determined for the samples. These responses are studied and analyzed using fuzzy logic and the optimum combination of influential factors are identified. A new sample is prepared as per identified combination and tested for confirmation, and it is satisfactory.

Disease causing pathogens have a strong relationship with the environment wherein the animal as well as the microorganisms lives. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the meteorological data and the disease prevalence in cattle in Tamilnadu. The data revealed a closer relationship between the climatic factors (temperature, rainfall and relative humidity) and infectious diseases (Anthrax, Black Quarter, Hemorrhagic Septicemia and Foot and Mouth Disease). Hence, the incidence of infectious diseases were found to be significantly (P<0.05) associated with the season and microclimatic factors.

Frequent occurrence of recent earthquakes in South Asian region has inspired the civil engineers to become more concern about earthquake resistant building design. In order to construct a building in a high seismic zone, the flexural members like beams, must have adequate ductility along with enough strength. Ductility is a solid material's ability to deform under tensile stress. To evaluate the flexural ductility, it is necessary to conduct non-linear moment-curvature experiment or numerical analysis. Moment curvature is a method to determine the load-deflection behavior of a concrete section using nonlinear material stress-strain relationship. As experimental analysis is time consuming and costly, a quicker and cheaper approach numerical analysis can be performed. In this paper, results of a numerical program conducted on sectional ductility behavior of a rectangular concrete beam are presented. Eighteen cross sections, with three different reinforcement ratio (0.007, 0.010 and 0.013), two different yield strength of reinforcement (400MPa-nominal strength steel and 500MPa-high strength steel) and three different concrete compressive strengths (25MPa, 30MPa and 35MPa) have been built and analyzed. An effort is made to order the performance of the samples according to moment capacity and ductility. From the program it has been observed that, moment capacity is higher in highly reinforced section. But more ductility is obtained from a lower reinforced high strength steel beam. The use of higher strength steel helps to maintain minimum level of flexural ductility along with higher flexural strength. It also leads to reduce construction cost by reducing dimension of a concrete section and by reducing steel requirement.

Several substituted N-Phenyl maleimide were prepared and their mass spectra in EI mode were recorded. The effects of substituents on the mass spectral fragmentation of compounds under investigation are interpreted by correlating log Z/Z0 with simple and extended Hammett equations. The log Z/Z0 values in all the cases were subjected to multiple linear regression analysis using two sets of biparametric equations (Taft and Swain equations). The results of the multiple linear regression analysis are found to be good in the cases.