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This paper examines, on theoretical as well as on Constitutional basis, Corporate Social Responsibility, and tries to locate its basis in our constitutional ideals, and thereby it will provide an insight of ‘Constitutional Discourse’ for CSR. It makes a literary attempt to summarize idea of Corporate Social Responsibility and explores ‘constitutional ideals’, ‘goals for the nation’, and the ‘means’ to achieve those ideals and goals. It provides an ‘alternative argument’ for promoting CSR as a duty/service ‘towards the nation’ as provided under Article 51A of the Constitution of India. This ‘alternative argument’ tries to symbolize idea of ‘corporate-citizenship’ in its truest sense. It tries to encapsulate CSR in terms of promoting ‘fraternity’, a vision of the Constitution, as declared and pledged in the Preamble. Part 5th discusses the futurology of CSR, and all other incidental matters including summations.

The different layers of the network interface with each other for information transfer. In the cross-layer architecture the physical layer and medium access layer share information so that these information becomes available to the higher layers. The power control information of the physical layer and channel allocation information of the medium access layer are shared are shared with the upper network layers. Interference is a big challenge in wireless networks, so the communication links between two nodes use bit rate as the function parameter in the physical and access layer. The channel and network topologies vary from milliseconds to several seconds depending on the connection variation. The network control mechanism finds out the access control vector and the traffic forwarding decision to accomplish the quantitative performance objectives. The network performance objectives are overall throughput, power optimization and utility optimization of allocated resource rates. The cross-layer control algorithms with optimal performance are presented and analyzed. In this paper the detailed analysis and design techniques are presented.

Wireless sensor networks are generally deployed in inaccessible terrains for monitoring certain physical parameters like temperature, pressure etc. Sensor nodes sense the event and send the sensed data towards sink nodes using multi hop path. Since radio communication is expensive in terms of energy consumption, the sensor nodes typically spend most of their energy reserve on communication during data dissemination and retrieval. Storing data in-network at specific locations within WSNs that minimize packet transmissions reduces the energy consumption, and hence extends its lifetime. Considering limited storage space, limited energy and other constraints of sensors, a data caching mechanism for multi sink sensor networks is proposed. The proposed scheme Data Caching for query optimization in multi sink sensor networks (DCQOM) extracts the common sub tree of the networks first and then forms two caching zones: One from source node to common root and other from common root to sink nodes. The sensor nodes in the caching zones cooperate among themselves to form a larger cumulative cache. A token-based cache admission control scheme is devised, which ensures proximity of cached data closer to sink(s). Simulation results show that DCQOM provides substantial energy saving and data availability as compared to other caching schemes.

The main aim of the paper is to design and simulate an inset fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna and study the effect of antenna dimension Length (L), Width (W), substrate parameter relative dielectric constant ( ) substrate thickness (h) and radiation parameters. The result is performed by thickness of 1.57mm of substrate and Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (tm) with dielectric constant of 2.2, S- band frequency 2.4GHz have observed the better result. In the recent years the development in communication systems requires the development of low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequency. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a Microstrip patch antenna. The proposed antenna design on different resonant frequencies and analyze the result of all operating frequency between 1GHz to 10GHz, when the proposed antenna designs 2.4GHz operating frequency. At 2.4GHz the verified and tested result has done in Ansoft HFSS version 11.It has observed the Return loss = -30.8 dB, VSWR =1.05 and directivity = 6.732 dB in this paper. An omnidirectional radiation pattern and stable gain are observed.

The proposed NLMS techniques have been modeled using Verilog HDL; the models have been verified using test benches with a functional coverage of 95%. The results obtained have been compared with MATLAB results, which are considered to be a benchmark. The HDL (Hardware Description Language) code is synthesized using Synopsys Design Compiler targeting 130-nanometer TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) library and target technology. The synthesized netlist obtained for all the adaptive filtering techniques proposed in this research work is taken through physical design flow consisting of Floorplanning Placement and Routing steps. The results obtained at each step are simulated for the functionality. The final GDSII (Graphical Design Standard II) file is generated for the proposed techniques.. The floor planning, placement and routing of the netlist ensures that the overall size for the entire chip does not exceed by 2.15 Square millimeters. The results obtained for NLMS adaptive filtering techniques using pipelining, parallel processing, low power techniques and floating point architectures have proven that the complexities in the industrial applications can be met if the design is implemented on ASIC.

Metoprolol is an anti hypertensive and also used in the treatment of arrhythmiasis. Owing to its extensive first pass metabolism, short biological half life and multiple daily dosing, Metoprolol lends itself as an ideal candidate for development of once a day extended release (ER) formulation. Metoprolol succinate ER pellets are prepared by employing various pelletization techniques such as powder layering, extrusion & spherodization and wurster process, ethylcellulose as a release modifier and polyethylene glycol as plasticizer. Optimized pellets are compressed in to tablets. The formulation evaluated for dissolution and 7%w/w Ethyl cellulose and 15% of plasticizer met with the predetermined specification. All the formulations followed first order kinetics and mechanism of drug release is non-fickian diffusion.

Desquamative gingivitis is a fairly common disorder, with wide range of causes. It is clinically characterized by erythematous and desquamative involvement of the free and attached gingiva. It may be the initial symptom of the underlying disorder, and patient may report to the general dental practitioner or subject specialist with specific signs and symptoms.. The presence of plaque induced gingival inflammation may exacerbate the condition, mask histological features of the underlying disorder, and can lead to delay in diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The present report describes case of desquamative gingivitis and its management.

This article presents some tools of discourse analysis through twenty spoken medical texts, ten in English and ten in Persian. The main objective of this article is to explain and exemplify different concepts regarding the field of discourse analysis in order to study these spoken texts in two languages to find the points of difference between them. First twenty spoken medical texts were recorded and transcribed. About one hundred sentences in each language that contained these features were chosen Then they were compared from the perspectives of fourteen features, including turn-taking, different types of interruptions, back-channel support, filled pauses, spoken discourse markers, intonation, repetition and false starts. The transcriptions were analyzed for the points of difference in each language and it was found that English speakers use more turn taking, silent interruption, filled pauses and intonation markers in their speech. Persian speakers are more active in using spoken discourse markers, .repetition, back channel support and false start. Chi-square was used to see whether these differences are significant and meaningful or not. It was estimated through chi-square that there was a significant difference between the two groups in turn taking, silent interruption, back- channel support, filled pauses, Falling-rising intonation, Rising intonation, Level intonation, and repetition and false starts in the way that English speakers are more inclined in using these features than Persian ones.

Distribution theory is powerful tool for dealing with pseudo-functions including impulsive phenomena, absolutely divergent integrals and their Fourier transforms. A new theory of generalized functions which is an extension of classical theory of distributions has been introduced and various properties have been generalized. The purpose of this paper is two dimensional fractional cosine transform is extended in the distributional generalized sense. Operators on the testing function E and its dual space E^* are obtained.

Since in Iranian university context, reading comprehension is the most important skill to be acquired by the students, this study wanted to show whether implementing pre-, while-, and post-reading activities has a significant impact on Iranian EFL Learners’ reading proficiency or not. 28 sophomore students at Islamic Azad University in Lahijan (Iran) participated in this study and were divided into two groups: experimental and control group. The former received teaching reading activities such as deducting, inferring, note-taking, etc. as the treatment while the latter did not receive such a treatment. The treatment proved to be effective, that is, the experimental group surpassed the control group according to the post-test. Finally, it is hoped that material developers, teachers and testers will benefit from the findings of this study.