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The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a parameter estimation method which performs to the general data frame of maximum-likelihood estimation, including some applications to data analysis and statistics. There is the work by Dempster, Laird and Rubin (1977) on the key features of defining the EM algorithm. Logistic mixtures, unlike normal mixtures, have not been studied for the EM algorithm. In this paper, we express the theorem about a relationship between the gradient of the log likelihood and the step in parameter space taken by the EM algorithm in their multivariate extension for the mixture logistic distribution (see Malik and Abraham (1973)). The literature on determination of the number of modes in logistic mixture models has focused primarily on univariate mixtures. In fact, there is a simple description of modality when one is mixing two univariate components. In particular, an analogue of the techniques such as the paper written by Robertson and Fryer (1969) allows to attain the results in the case of the convex combination of two item response functions (IRFs) for the unidimensional dichotomous 1-parameter to 4-parameter logistic (1PL to 4PL) item response theory (IRT) models.

Spelling is a way of representing the sounds of speech. In order to spell a word, you first say that word to yourself. Then you choose letters to represent the sounds you hear. Clearly, it is important to know how sounds and spellings match up. You are not aware of this process when you write familiar words because you have memorized their spellings. Writing these words is automatic. A good speller can write a great many words without thinking about which letters to use. But there are many times when you must choose the letters carefully; for example, when you write new words or words you have not used often. There are two reasons why you must make a choice. First, the same sound may be spelled in different ways as in meat, meet and mete. Second, nearly half the letters in the alphabet can stand for more than one sound! There are 39 English speech sounds but only 26 letters in the alphabet. Obviously, some letters must do extra work. This is particularly true of vowel letters.

This study investigates the relationship between human capital management and employees’ performance. For measuring variables three separated questionnaires were designed and after proving their validity and reliability, distributed among participants. The results of applying Spearman test show positive and meaningful correlations between human capital dimensions with employees’ performance. Also Chi Square test illustrates no relationship between employees’ demographic characteristics and their performance. In continue by Binomial test all variables’ levels were surveyed in which all of them apart from employees’ creativity. And finally the results of utilizing fuzzy TOPSIS technique human capital indices were ranked in which employees’ abilities for management, learning technical employees and employees’ abilities to associate were selected as the most important ones.

In the years after the revolution, the establishment of border markets, a new step in the direction of making more efficient border transactions. Despite the prominent role of these centers, the development of exchanges, regional, and economic prosperity of the region, performers plaza and along the border show that the balance of trade areas was negative, and often the activity of import that, should their role in the economic well-being influence, and on this basis to the market, investigated and evaluated, so that appropriate planning, it was based on. This study is based on a descriptive analysis and aimed to investigate the role and impact of border markets Parvizkhan in improving the economic situation of the inhabitants of the region, has been discussed. The population, including people working in the border area Feedback Pervez Khan, to the number 2320, which, according to Cochran formula, 300 people were selected as sample. In this research, data analysis, one-sample t-test was used. Results show that the mean responses provided by respondents, the impact of border markets, on the regional economy 3/447,from 5 is that if this average, to extend community, with 95 percent of the average responses people between 3/393 to 3/501 is, and because of this number (3/447), the number 3 (1 very low 2 low 3 middle) is larger, it can be concluded, the impact of border markets, the economy of the region, is almost too much. On the other hand, because Sig = 0, smaller than 0/05, this test is statistically significant. This in employment, income and drug trafficking, has led to improvements.

In the world, different rulers have adopted various ways in carrying out their political functions. The society sees its leaders as pace setters, but it is unfortunate that some of these leaders do not know that they are the role models to the younger generations. Instead of doing the right thing, they rule corruptly thereby sending wrong signals to those who care to be swayed by their political dance. The major aim of a leader should be to carry her citizens along 'thereby avoiding the use of force and eradicating corruption in its system of government. Hence the world needs leaders who are true to their calling in all sincerity thereby promoting a peaceful and corrupt free society.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the variances and significance of variances in capital values of properties in metropolitan Lagos of Nigeria resulting from anchoring and adjustment methods used by independent valuers in carrying out valuations within the scope of standard and non-standard anchoring paradigm. Valuation problems of ten properties were presented to 144 valuers in metropolitan Lagos to solve; but 104 (72.2%) participated in the experiment; and the One –sample t-test was used to test the variances. The significant P were all 0.00 for the ten properties; and this means that there are significant variances in estimates of property values determined by the valuers in the area of study. Crises in financial markets in Nigerian economy in the ending years of 2008 resulting from poor property valuation and unreliable values of collateral properties advised by independent valuers have heightened the need to find remedial measures to mitigate wide variances in the property values. Also, wide variances in capital values of real properties will result to clients losing confidence in values advised by valuation professionals.

A numerical scheme for the Weibel instability of low temperature has been developed which is a modification of the Darwin model. The Darwin model neglects the ion contribution and the theoretical model used considers homogeneous plasma in the presence of a wave low amplitude laser in the dipole approximation using the formalism of kinetic theory. In this study the coupling of the magnetic field generated by self-instability with the laser-wave field is taken into account, described by the Fokker-Planck equation. This equation is solved analytically zero order and disrupted order and distribution functions electrons were explicitly calculated. The dispersion relation of modes Weibel, who holds account of the term of coupling the quasi-static magnetic field with the high frequency field the laser wave, has been established More specifically, typical physical parameters in the experiments melting by laser; it has been revealed a reduction in the spectral range of the unstable modes and a reduction of two orders of magnitude of the rate instabilities.

In this paper we introduce some properties and definition of the new integral transform, called ZZ transform. Farther, we use ZZ transform to solve systems of ordinary differential equations. The results indicate these methods to be very effective and simple.

The need for mobile communications computing and net-working has turn out to be important more than ever. With the increasing demand for low cost and high integration of wireless transceiver building blocks, the low power is a great concern for Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) designers. Exhaustive exertion has been made to advance RF integrated circuits and systems in the GHz range using CMOS process in low cost. Frequency Synthe-sizer that includes Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) is a signifi-cant block of the transceiver this generates carrier for the down-conversion/up-conversion operations. Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) and High Frequency Divider (HFD) decides the channel selection of frequency synthesiz-er and power consumption. This work presents the design of 2.4/5.4 GHz CMOS Frequency Synthesizer for 2.3/3.5 MHz resolution with 32/33 divider circuit. The Frequency Syn-thesizer circuits are designed in 180nm CMOS process technology using Virtuoso of Cadence tools.

The corrosion inhibition and adsorption process of D - Tryptophan (DT)on mild steel in 2 HCl was studied by means of chemical (weight loss), electrochemical and quantum chemical techniques. The inhibition efficiency increases with decreasing temperature and increasing concentration of inhibitor. It has been determined that the adsorption of DT on mild steel obeys the Temkin adsorption isotherm at all studied temperatures with negative values of ?Goads, suggesting a stable and a spontaneous inhibition process. In potentiodynamic polarization, the curves shifted towards lower current density in the presence of the DT with well-defined Tafel regions suggesting that the inhibitor retard the corrosion process without changing the mechanism of the corrosion process; and exhibit cathodic and anodic polarization (mixed type inhibitor) because the change in Ecorr is less than 85 vM/SCE with respect to the blank. Corrosion current density was calculated by extrapolation of the linear parts of these curves to the corresponding corrosion potential; and corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current densities (icorr), anodic Tafel slope (?a), cathodicTafel slope (?b) were determined with maximum value of inhibition efficiency for 5 x 10-4 M concentration of the inhibitor at 303 K was 78.4%. From Nyquist plot of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, values of polarization resistance (Rp) increased with increasing inhibitor concentration whereas double layer capacitance (Cdl) decreased indicating a decrease in local dielectric constant or an increase in thickness of electric double layer suggesting that the inhibitor function by forming a protective layer at the metal surface. Quantum chemical calculations were performed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the help of complete geometry optimization for theoretical calculations of EHOMO, ELUMO, and energy gap (?E). Inhibition efficiency increases with increasing EHOMO indicating that the molecule has tendency to donate electrons to the mild steel with low energy empty molecular orbital; whereas low value of ELUMO suggests that the molecule easily accepts electrons from mild steel.