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The inorganic compounds often consist of relatively small number of broad bands compared with the spectra of organic compounds. The metal halogen absorption band is dependent on the strength of the bond, the mass of the metal atom and the valence state of the metal atom . A number of crystalline ammonium compounds undergo characteristic phase transitions, resulting in dramatic changes in a variety of physical properties as their temperature is changed. In the report on Mn doping on barium tartrate identifies few extra peaks and the intensity of the prominent peak is found to be decreased . In this paper we report the thermal,mechanical, structural properties and surface morphology of manganese chloride diammonium hydrogen phosphate mixed crystal .

A study was conducted to assess the impact of the distance education courses on dairy and goat farming on knowledge gained, skills obtained and economic benefits attained by the learners, based on the data collected from 100 respondents randomly selected. A majority of the respondents gained knowledge in credit / insurance (96.50%), housing systems (95.33%), farm economics (83.67%), clean milk production (82.67%), calf rearing (81.67%) and feed and feeding methods (80.33%). The respondents with small herd size (<6.07 cattle units) increased their cattle units by 2.06, while medium farmers (6.07 to 9.10 cattle units) increased farm size by 3.38 cattle and large farmers (>9.10 cattle units) by 5.66 cattle. Further, the small farmer respondents gained a daily average milk yield of 1.64 litres, while medium farmers gained a milk yield of 1.69 litres and large farmers 1.47 litres, with the percentage gain ranging between 48.34 and 66.17. The respondents in small farmer category gained an additional income of Rs.24,637.50 per annum through sale of milk, while medium and large farmers gained Rs.28,554.23 and Rs.53,029.29 per annum, respectively. The per cent gain ranged from 73.38 (medium farmer) to 122.26 (small farmer). There was a highly significant gain in production and income in all categories of farmers with respect to farm size, milk yield, sale of milk, dung and animals and net change in the value of stock.

The China is performing better than India in research. The status of research on medicinal plants in both the countries was studied using Science Citation Index (SCI) database. In this communication, we present a bibliometric analysis of Indian and Chinese research papers published on medicinal plants. The scientometics revealed that in spite of the poor performance in overall science-research, India is doing better in medicinal plant research.

In school, there are many students who struggle with mathematics tests. They seem to understand mathematics concepts but when it comes to tests, they often fail almost in every test. They will make mistakes or seem to forget everything they have been taught. The objective of this study was set to establish effect of test anxiety on students’ number of errors in mathematics. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study aimed at collecting information from students’ on their perception and opinion in relation to factors that causes errors in mathematics in Keiyo North, Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. The target population composed of all Form 2 and 3 students’ drawn from 21 public secondary schools in Keiyo North, Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. A sample of 237 Form 2 and 3 was selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected by a student’s questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques which are frequencies, mean, standard deviation. The study recommends that students should seek assistance where they experience difficulty so as to reduce test anxiety during tests which makes them commit errors. It is necessary for students to avoid missing lessons so as to master the concepts in Mathematics and reduce the number of errors. As a result, it is imperative for schools to avail revision text books to students and is utmost necessary for students to do their homework assignments and work the tasks before looking at the solutions.

This study was performed to evaluation of salicylic acid and Paclobutrazol application on the growth characteristics of annual sports grass. The experiment was carried out as factorial in a completely randomized design that the first factor was salicylic acid levels (0, 100 and 200 ppm) and the second factor included paclobutrazol at four levels (0, 5, 15 and 30 mg per liter) with 3 replications. At the end of experiment some properties were determined such as RWC, Shoot fresh weight, Shoot dry weight, Root length, Membrane stability index. Totally, Means of all traits increased with increasing levels of salicylic acid from 100 to 200 ppm and highest means of RWC (92%), shoot fresh weight (9.7 grams per 5 cm), shoot dry weight (1.27 grams per 5 cm), root length (24.5 mm) and membrane stability index (84%) were obtained by treatment of 200 ppm. Also, paclobutrazol led to increasing of RWC but it led to reduction in other traits. Therefore, according to obtained results, application of 200 ppm salicylic acid and 30 ppm paclobutrazol recommended for sports grass planting

Investigation of combustion properties of five selected indigenous fuel wood samples was carried out in this study. Combustion properties such as high heating value (HHV), proximate and ultimate analysis, density/specific gravity, thermal conductivity, particle size, flame temperature and porosity were obtained using standard experimental procedures for the selected wood samples. The higher heating values of the five wood samples varied from 2282.117 – 4461.9326 Kcal/kg (9.55 – 18.682 MJ/kg). These values were better than some reported values in literature. The flame temperature for the five samples ranged from 531 – 700 oC. Proximate analysis results revealed that the ash content for the five samples varied from 6.79 to 48.24 %, fixed carbon varied from 9.45 to 21.30 %, volatile matter varied from 64.23 to 66.64 %, moisture content varied from 3.01 to 5.63 %. Ultimate analysis result revealed that hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen contents also range from 3.1128 to 5.5642 %, 22.9981 to 40.6901 % and 0.3630 to 0.65221 % respectively. Some of the values of density/specific gravity, porosity, thermal conductivity, particle size obtained were within values reported by other researchers. The result of the fuel rating properties revealed that African Prosopis has the best fuel property with fuel rating of 1.68 and Quassia undulate the worst with fuel rating of 3.68 compared to the other samples.

In a time that various moral schools boasted in the west, 'hedonism' school did its work outstandingly more than others. Plato that knew ethics as a category of 'aesthetic and beauty' and Aristotle school that introduced moderation as a moral pattern and moral data filled everywhere; Immanuel Kant's moral school (1724-1804), famous and great German philosopher, stepped onto the arena and with a new speculation caused a revolution in thinking world and plane of ethics that it has been compared to Copernican revolution in the world of the heavens. By establishing metaphysic and categorical doctrine and deontology in plane of ethics he introduced moral action in acting according to intent and fulfillment of responsibility of conscience and he believed that because reason is a general endowment therefore rules and laws should be general. But it is important to know that what rules and laws of reasons are and how they can be obtained. Kant spoke about reality, law and social relations beyond evaluation of reason, action and reaction of human's wisdom. He knew that reality and law after criticism and analysis of wisdom and thought are recognizable and constant. From this viewpoint, Kant believed that human makes his aim and has a natural value that undoubtedly distinguishes him from other creatures. The writer intends to criticize and analyze some moral opinions of Kant from his philosophical viewpoint in moral plane and state of human attainment to real perfection and felicity in the shadow of practical reason.

Mosquitoes are the vectors for the dreadful diseases of mankind. In this study, laboratory experimentation of assessing the mosquito larvicidal potentiality of Moringa oleifera plant extract was carried out. Extracting solvents such as hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were used and the larvicidal activity was assessed against Culex gelidus mosquito larvae under laboratory conditions. The effective larval mortality was found in the methanol extract at concentrations of 500 ?g/mL. The study thus provides evidence on the potential of indigenous plant extracts to serve as mosquito larvicides

Linear complexity is a vital complexity measure and pseudorandom sequences with good correlation properties, large linear complexity, and balance statistics are widely used in modern communication and cryptology. This paper study the linear complexity of an inverse paths of a binary de Bruijn cycle by presenting set of pseudorandom binary sequences from de Bruijn graphs. And, it is shown that such sequences have large linear complexity.

Table of contents for the month of September 2018