Social Studies

This study is a descriptive research attempting to compare and contrast the use of two types of cohesive devices (i.e. lexical cohesion and ellipsis) in the original dialogues of a television serial with the Persian subtitled and dubbed versions of the same dialogues. The data used in this study comprised the dialogues of 10 scenes selected by the researcher from the television serial ‘Ann of Green Gables’ as well as the dubbed and subtitled counterparts of the dialogues of the same scenes. The study sought two objectives: First, it attempted to investigate the original dialogues of the film, in terms of the frequency of the use of the two mentioned types of cohesive devices, and to compare them with the dubbed and subtitled versions; second, it aimed to compare the two types of audio-visual translations (i.e. dubbing and subtitling) to find out how they have dealt with these cohesive devices and what differences exist between these two types of translation in terms of their handling lexical cohesion and ellipsis. For this purpose, the study employed Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) model of cohesive devices. The findings revealed that repetition has the greatest frequency of use among lexical cohesion elements and clausal ellipsis has the greatest frequency among ellipsis types in the original dialogues. The findings also demonstrated that the two translated versions were relatively similar in their handling lexical cohesion but the dubbed version contained a substantially greater number of cases of ellipsis than the subtitled version did. The findings of this research could provide audiovisual translators with information as to how the cohesive elements are differently used in the English dialogues and their Persian translations (subtitled and dubbed dialogues).

Abu Hanifa Dinavari is one of the most prominent scholars of Islamic civilization and the glories of Iranian history and culture with a venerable and high position in various branches of science especially botany, astronomy, mathematics, mechanics, atmosphere science, climate change (Elm al-Anvae), lexicology, literature, grammar and syntax, interpretation of Quran sciences, historiography, and other branches of intellectual sciences and traditional knowledge. His brilliant knowledge and ample publications made him one great scholar among several scientists and knowledgeable scholars of his time, so that he influenced many sciences. However, his scientific status is not as high as what he deserves to be. What has influenced his character more than anything in scientific circles and among scholars is his historiographical approach due to the publication of the complete text of Al-Akhbar at-Tiwal. While criticizing this viewpoint, the present paper attempts to study the scientific-cultural status and function of Abu Hanifa Dinavari in Islamic civilization. Also using a new and comprehensive approach, and by a complete and more deeply approach and in proportion to the effective position of such scholar in Islamic civilization, the study aims to analyze intellectual thinking and different scholarly and scientific aspects of this distinguished scholar. In addition, with a careful and thorough review and introducing Abu Hanifa Dinavari works, different aspects of his knowledge and character will be further clarified in the study.

If we have a look at the history of the English Language we can understand that the sounds of English are not uniform since English is an unphonetic language. There is no relation between the letter and the sound. This paper aims at investigating the effect of pronunciation teaching of English to high school students. More specifically, it examines to realize whether learners can learn phonetic symbols better explicitly or implicitly. In order to do this, two different teaching methods were implemented, which resulted in having two different experimental groups; an explicit vs. an implicit one. The former received explicit teaching of English pronunciation through a variety of activities while the latter was taught implicitly via the use of recasts. The results showed that the explicit form of teaching is better than implicit one.

This study examines the environmental management issues in Nigeria with a view to delineate a management framework for effective implementation of environmental policies. This study present an argument on the management framework which would enable Nigeria to initiate, plan, and implement environmental policies in a way that would enable the country to achieve a sustainable goals. Further, the study investigates the social distribution of environmental benefits and burden. The finding revealed that, environmental policy without effective management component is unlikely to achieve its espoused objective.

Ayurveda and astrology are related aspects of Vedic science. Medical astrology is one of the main branches of astrology and is a very important pillar of Ayurveda. It includes remedial measures for harmonizing planetary influences on both body and mind. Astrology can determine the basic physical constitution of the individual from the birth chart, the physical appearance of the individual, the predominance of elements in their nature. It can calculate basic health, longevity and disease tendencies. Taking this into consideration a survey was planned to study the relation between different aspect of astrology (Western and Indian) with Prakriti (Ayurveda) in children. The survey was conducted over 225 subjects out of which 195 and 208 subjects were included in two categories of Western and Indian (Jyotish) astrology. It was found that both sciences have an impact on each other. Western astrology influence prakriti of individual upto 35.89% and Indian (Jyotish) effects prakriti upto 33.65%%.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and use of English lexical collocations and their relation to the speaking proficiency among upper- intermediate to advanced Iranian EFL learner students at Sadr Institute of higher Education. It is worth mentioning that all of the students had already passed placement test and were preparing themselves for IELTS exam. Data for the study were collected from 20 students. The participants were asked to take 2 tests .The first one was a lexical collocational test for estimating the knowledge of lexical collocation. Another one was an IELTS speaking test, to collect the participants ‘use of lexical collocation and understanding their speaking fluency. Data analysis for correlations between the subjects’ knowledge of lexical collocations and their speaking proficiency showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between students ‘knowledge of lexical collocation and their speaking proficiency in IELTS success. Current study concluded that knowledge of lexical collocation play a significant role in develop speaking proficiency particularly in IELTS exam.

Student performance is the result of the interaction between the students and the instructional environment; and teachers can reasonably accommodate most of the students’ needs after analyzing student learning needs. Good teachers are surely aware of the students’ needs.(Douglas D Christensen ,Ph.D)In this study, we like to investigate the relationship between teachers’ ability and awareness of their students’ needs. Participants are 40 teachers (male and female) that teach English in foreign language institutes and 160 students who are in Intermediate level. This study was performed in Khorasan and Torsys foreign languages institutes in Kashmar. Participants were given questionnaires and asked to answer the questions. This research uses information from both teachers and students to explore the relationship between students’ needs and awareness of teachers’ ability. The data from the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 13.After analyzing the data, it was clear than there is a significant correlation between teachers' ability and awareness of the students' needs.

Since the 1980s, African economies especially those from the least developed and developing countries were prostrate owing to dwindling fortunes in the international market, and in the process industries closed shop, prices of commodities in international market fell, with much impact on mono-export countries such as Nigeria. The effect was job cuts that led to increased poverty and worsening living conditions of the people. Children were withdrawn from schools, health conditions of people traumatized and the economies plunged into doldrums. African nations extended their ‘begging’ bags to the International Monetary Fund IMF and the World Bank not minding their harsh and stringent conditionalities. Life became unbearable and prompted many people to seek for an improved standard of living outside Africa. In the process these immigrants entered Europe and America etc legally and illegally and sought for asylum in the host nations. The trend is still on today. The paper discovered that people migrated because of worsening human development record as a result of unemployment, poor education, poor functional democracy, lack of access to functional medical facilities, insecurity of lives and property among others. The paper concludes that governments should muster the necessary political will and begin to address the problems –create job opportunities, improve and fund education; put a functional democracy where the rule of law prevails; and above all, provide adequate security for the people and property. The paper used historical analysis as its methodology.

Present study was conducted in the Old Age Homes (OAH) of Kolkata to assess the socio-demographic profile of elderly & the nature of care as indicator of quality of life (QoL) of elderly in OAH and to understand the social adjustment pattern & interpersonal relations of elderly as a gauge of QoL of elderly. Data were collected purposively from 100 elderly over 65 years of age through interview procedure from 10 OAH in Kolkata and analyzed through‘t’ test and chi square. Finding suggests majority of elderly are from 70-74 year old; their income was between Rs, 50001 to 15,000/-; significant difference between male and female boarders regarding their perceived feeling of care which indicate their quality of life. Female interpersonal relationships were more frequent in OAH than male elderly as their social adjustment is better than their male counterparts.

The researcher has presented a brief review of related studies done in the field of teacher. This chapter deals with analysis and interpretation. The collected data on job anxiety and personality adjustment of secondary school teachers were analyzed by busing suitable statistical techniques in accordance with the objective of the present study. The objectives of the present study were. The researcher found out job anxiety of secondary school teachers by administering job anxiety scale. Then the researcher categorized these 60 sampled teachers into four categorizes. On the basis of the score obtained by teachers on job anxiety scale, the researcher also calculated the percentage of secondary school teachers in different category of job anxiety. The table no.4 rains category of job anxiety and number and percentage of secondary school teachers belong to different categories.