Network

This part of research focuses on analysis and evaluation for synthesis problem of a computer network heterogeneous structure. Where the core of the network has a ring topology, the network lower level-topology tree, and this paper composed of two interrelated parts. Firstly, this part of presented herein addresses one of problems concerned with planning of computer networks with heterogeneous structure associated with cost effectiveness. However, the second part presents other side of the computer networks' structure problem associated with optimality of network size. Specifically, at this first partfocusing attention on the cost effectiveness problem of networks' structural features using modified elastic net method. Itadopted modified method applied for reaching shortest path topology of computer network backbone structure via computing method of weight coefficient values. That solution characterized by introducing additional Synthesized weight coefficients' values taking into account the amount of internal network nodes' demands/ traffic. Interestingly, obtained solution esults after simulated experiments proved to take the advantage of better cost effectiveness(lower cost) of designed network structure , rather than other well known applicable solutions to date.

A healthcare solution that combines android mobile and IPv6 techniques in a wireless sensor network to monitor the health condition of patients and provide a wide range of effective, comprehensive, and convenient healthcare services by using global network. With advances in mobile communication, new opportunities have opened up for the development of healthcare systems that remotely monitor biomedical signals from patients. In this different type of sensors can be used to measure body level of patient in different location such as heart rate, blood pressure, haemoglobin, temperature. A visualization module of the server program graphically displays the recorded biomedical signals on Android mobile devices used by patients and doctors at the end of the networks in real-time. These data’s can be transmitted through the Bluetooth, which is received by the smart phone in another location. With the help of GSM we can access human body level from anywhere. A low-power embedded wearable sensor measures the health parameters dynamically and is connected according to the concept of IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area network to the M2M node for wireless transmission through the internet or external IP-enabled networks via the M2M gateway.

An accident notification system for a vehicle includes a degree of damage predicting system that detects whether the vehicle occupant has been injured in an accident. It consists of position monitoring system that monitors the position of the vehicle. If any accident occurs, the mobile communication terminal receives the signal and it informs to the nearest hospital about the accident, so that the occupant can be rescued soon and gets treatment. This project can be used in the areas where there is no one to help the injured occupant when they are met with an accident. It also makes note of the databases of the persons in and around the accidental area. This will be helpful for the police in further investigations.

Mobile broadband services are growing rapidly as it provides freedom to the users to be online wherever they are at a competitive price and significant facilities such as increasing amounts of bandwidth, using mobile and roaming devices. The earliest version of WiMAX is based on IEEE 802.16 and is optimized for fixed and roaming access, which is further extended to support portability and mobility based on IEEE 802.16e, also known as Mobile WiMAX. This paper presented an analysis on those routing protocols designed for wireless networks. A comparison on the performance of seven routing protocol (AODV, DSR, OLSR, ZRP, TORA, GRP and DSDV) for Mobile WiMAX environment is done. The performance matrix includes Packet Delivery fraction (PDF), Throughput, End to End Delay, and number of packet dropped were identified. The study used NS2 simulator for the comparison on the performance analysis.

In this paper, we consider a new method to improve the performance of TCP over wireless networks. The method employs NDG loss-predictor function to determine congestion losses from that of transmission loss. The sender window can adjust its size depending on the loss information. If the loss is due to congestion congestion control algorithm is invoked to decrease the flow rate. If the loss is due to wireless transmission, immediate-recovery algorithm is invoked to recover the losses caused by the sender TCP. To minimise the packet losses due to congestion, we use stability analysis over the system by applying a time-delay control theory. By constructing Hermit matrix, system analysis is made for asymptotic stability. Explicit conditions are derived for Pmax (RED controller) and ? (fNDG parameter) in terms of wireless network parameters. Using the characteristic equation of the Hermite matrix, convergence analysis of the instantaneous queue length at the bottleneck router is made. Convergence of the queue length to a given target value is analysed. This minimise the oscillatory behaviour of the RED router. An approximate solution of queue length is also derived. Our results provide better solutions for global stability and convergence conditions of the wireless system.

Wireless Sensor Networks have been scattered over many unattainable areas such as glaciers, forest, gas, oil water etc to gather real time sensitive information. These Sensor nodes are capable of gathering a large quantity of data by sensing the area, this consumes a large amount of broadcasting and transmission power and thus reducing the life-spam of batteries running sensor node. Through this paper the researcher investigated relationship between the network coding techniques and the transmission power of WSN. Network coding, in belief, is a Layer 3 invention that enhances the network throughput and performance in wireless networks for multicast or broadcast situations. This Paper basically performs the survey on area the where network coding is applied in WSN to enhance the battery life of the nodes by various researchers. It also analyzes the factors which effects the networks lifetime.

In this paper, the application of the Taguchi method with fuzzy logic for optimizing the electrical discharge machining process with multiple performance characteristics has been reported. A multi-response performance index is used to solve the EDM process with multiple performance characteristics. The machining parameters (discharge current (IP), pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff) and down time) are optimized with considerations of the multiple performance characteristics (electrode wear rate and material removal rate). Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.

The unsteady state mass conservation equation for chlorine concentration decay in drinking water in a pipe line network for axisymmetric flow is solved analytically with the help of Hankel transform. The numerical values and graphical representations are shown by using MATLAB for various values of chlorine consumption rate, diffusivity, time and fluid velocity etc.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) enable vehicles to communicate with each other (V2V) as well as roadside infrastructure units (V2I) without any fixed infrastructure. These roadside units provide different services such as driver information systems and Internet access. VANETS can be used to improve the comfort applications such as traffic information, weather information, gas station/restaurant location information or interactive communication such as Internet access and downloads. The high speed and high mobility of vehicles cause many challenges to establishing and maintaining connection of these roadside units. In this paper we introduce Fuzzy Logic Based Stable Routing in VANET. The essential purpose of new algorithm is to predict the future behaviour of vehicles by the use of the characteristics of vehicle movements such as speed average, speed of drivers and standard deviation; and also to calculate stablitiy of routes with the help of fuzzy logic for selecting routes with the most stability and least length. The proposed algorithm is simulated by considering mobility model, generated by the VanetMobiSim tool. The simulation results show that the proposed approach with increasing the number of nodes, will increase the Average Route Stability Indicator Minimum and decrease Average Route Length Minimum. This issue cause to provide an accurate and efficient method of estimating and evaluating the route stability in dynamic VANETs.

A Mobile Ad hoc Network is a collection of mobile wireless nodes that combine to form a network without any infrastructure. The main challenges in MANET are reliability, bandwidth and battery power. Broadcasting is important in MANET for routing information discovery. Broadcasting is the process in which a source node sends a message to all other nodes in MANET. The broadcast operation as a fundamental service in mobile ad hoc networks is prone to the broadcast storm problem if forwarding nodes are not carefully designated. This paper proposes a simple broadcast algorithm called double-covered broadcast which takes advantage of broadcast redundancy to improve the delivery ratio in an environment that has rather high transmission error rate. Only a set of selected nodes will forward the broadcast message. The selected nodes called forwarding nodes must satisfy the following two requirements: 1) the sender’s 2-hop neighbors are covered and 2) the sender’s 1-hop neighbors are either forwarding nodes or non forwarding nodes covered by at least two forwarding neighbors. The retransmissions of the forwarding nodes are received by the sender as the confirmation of their reception of the packet. The non forwarding neighbors do not acknowledge the reception of the broadcast. The proposed algorithm has many metrics such as balancing the average retransmission redundancy, avoid broadcast storm problem, recovering the transmission error locally and increasing the broadcast delivery ratio in a high transmission error rate environment.