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Advances in information technology have resulted in the development of various computer-mediated communication tools of which the Instant messenger (IM) is one of the most prevalent. Instant messaging apps are widely used today for information sharing. The present study “Knowledge sharing over instant messaging apps: a study among Kinfra community, Malappuram” is based on the importance of instant messaging apps and the authenticity of the information sharing via those apps which helps the users to determine its reliability. The need to conduct a study based on trustworthiness of the information sharing is desirable and useful for the users. A structured questionnaire is used for collecting data which are personally distributed or sent through mail. The collected data are classified, analyzed. The investigator’s conclusion on whether or not instant messaging has negative effects on real-life social networks is, well, inconclusive. People have varying opinions on the topic, and there is evidence that can demonstrate both the pros and cons of using instant messaging. The safest thing to say is that the effect of online communication depends largely on the personality and habits of the user himself.

The present research tends to investigate the relationship between the learners’ creativity and English proficiency among Iranian EFL learners. It also tends to reveal whether there is a relationship between the learners’ creativity and gender on their English proficiency. It also explores the relationship between the learners’ creativity and gender. The participants in this study consisted of 150 undergraduate university students including 46 males and 104 females, majoring in English as a foreign language, from Shiraz Azad University. Two research instruments were used to gather the needed data for this study: 1. Torrance Test of Verbal Creativity. 2. Language Proficiency Test. Correlation coefficient, two-way ANOVA and T-test were used to analyze the collected data and the results were found as follows: 1) There is a significant relationship between the learners’ creativity and their English proficiency among EFL learners of Shiraz Azad University. 2) There is no significant relationship between the learners’ creativity and gender on their English proficiency among EFL learners of Shiraz Azad University. 3) There is a significant relationship between the learners’ creativity and their gender among EFL learners of Shiraz Azad University.

Table of contents for the month of March 2011

Management citizenship behaviors result in emerging staffs' citizenship behaviors and increase the efficiency of the workplace. Mutuality, trust, legitimacy and organizational justice are regarded among the norms based on which the managers must behave. Some influential factors in management citizenship behavior include marketing factors, organizational factors, the features of the staffs' market and the career. Management citizenship behavior has also some consequences such as staffs' citizenship behavior, conflict between managers and the staffs, and the working groups division. This article indicates the encouraging policies in terms of citizenship behavior in which the manager's encouragement is regarded as one of the management citizenship behaviors.

Fadwa Tvqan is one of famous poets in contemporary arabic poetry, especially Palestine. she was born in in the occupied city Nablus, and after that he became known in the land, he went to a hard journey to gain knowledge and experience and present them for the Arab nation.Fadwa's books of poetry, is full of word of love and its derivatives, such as joy, love, reaching, and so on;In other words we can say that the main focus of her first collection of poems, is love. For her, love is an area where has thousands manifestations that, is treatment of all pains, symbol of all dreams, and enliven all deaths, finally, in her viewpoint, love is loving word or liking look, so that she can build her story on the basis of it.This study is conducted to investigate the manifestations of love in the poetry of this poet ,where first, pointed out to the biography of the poet and her poetry, then studied her traits of character and traits of poetry, and in the end, discussed and examined the manifestations of love in her poetry in two-stage physical and emotional love and love of country.

The recently introduced Market Dynamics method presents a new approach towards measuring security price movements and related indicators. The approach leads to a new formulation for measuring P/E ratio changes, and indicates clear linkages between the expected change in P/E ratio for a security and the corresponding changes in earnings and money flow. As such, money flow appears to play a key role in determining valuations of traded securities.

The continuing evolution of business needs and technology makes applications more demanding in terms of development, maintenance, usability and management. To cope with this complexity, various frameworks and patterns are integrated for producing stable, maintainable and testable code. Given this diversity of solutions, the generation of a code based on UML models has become important. This paper presents, after establishing the different meta-models, the application of the MDA (Model Driven Architecture) to generate, from the UML model, the Code following the IoC (Inversion of Control) and Dao (Data Acces Object) patterns. The model-to-model transformations are also clearly and formally established by using the standard MOF 2.0 QVT (Meta-Object Facility 2.0 Query-View-Transformation) as transformation language. The transformation rules defined in this paper can generate, from the class diagram, an XML file containing the Business and the Data Access package. This file can be used to generate the necessary code of an architecture overview of IoC and DAO patterns.

The presence of missing values in air quality data is a common issue and important task to deal with it. The data was collected using automated machines which contain missing value that can cause bias result due to differences between observed and predicted data. This paper considers hourly air pollutant concentrations such as NO, NO2, CO, SO2 and meteorological variables such as AT, WS, RH at Kemaman over a four-year period. This paper discusses the performance of Multiple Linear Regression model by using different imputation methods such as mean top bottom, linear interpolation and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The result shows that the MCMC method to replace the missing values obtained the highest R2 (0.649) after fitting to multiple linear regression model for prediction of ozone concentrations with selected precursors. Therefore, MCMC method produced a good fit multiple linear regression for prediction of ozone concentration in this study.

Jatropha curcas seed meal (JCSM) is known as a good substrate for enzyme production via solid state fermentation. The aim of this research was to study the mycology of spontaneously fermented JCSM. JCSM was spontaneously fermented for six days. Mycelia of fungus were cultured and incubated at 25°C on potato dextrose agar, sabouraud for six days. Microslide culture was carried out to obtain greater detail of the resulting morphological features. Five fungal species (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium chrysogenum and Fusarium species) were isolated. This is the first report of fungal species associated with spontaneous fermentation of defatted Jatropha curcas seed meal.

Locally produced foreign varieties of Magnifera indica (Keith and Kent varieties) were sampled and purchased from farms and markets within the Yilo and Lower Manya Krobo districts and analyzed for pesticide residues by gas chromatography equipped with an Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). In all, 80 samples were extracted and analyzed for mainly organochlorine residues (?-HCH, ?-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, ?-chlordane, endosulfan s, p, p’-DDE etc.) and synthetic pyrethroid residues (allethrin, bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin etc.). Analysis indicates that about 88% of the mangoes sampled from the farms and markets contained one or more of these pesticide residues. The data also revealed that about 6.2% of the samples analyzed contained organochlorine pesticide residues of ?-HCH (0.013mg/kg and 0.038mg/kg); ?-HCH [0.014mg/k]; methoxychlor [0.027mg/kg] above maximum residue limits. Synthetic pyrethroid residues of cyfluthrin [0.078mg/kg] and fenvalerate [0.025mg/kg] were also found above their respective maximum residue limits. However, 78.2% of detected pesticide residues were below the Maximum Residue Limits. Nonetheless, the continuous consumption of these fruits with even the modest pesticide levels can result in accumulation that could result in deadly chronic effects.