Mechanical Engineering

It is found from the literature survey that very few comprehensive reviews exist on the Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using isobutanol–diesel fuel blends. Some of the important reviews on fish oil with Isobutonal as an additive, diesel with different percentages blend with Isobutonal, butonal- gasoline blends effects on the combustion process in a SI engine have been reviewed. Different Isobutonal blends with base fuels experimental performances including both diesel engine and gasoline engines have been reviewed. An attempt is being made to identify best performing methods from the literature reviewed; this will be a reference for further research. This paper deals with updated review of the literature on performance and emission analysis with Isobutonal blends with diesel and biodiesel under the resource constrained.

Energy represent requirement of human being base, what increasing in line with its life storey;level. Oil fuel / fossil energy represent one of the source energy having the character of do not newly ( non sources energy renewable) which during the time representing pledge to fulfill requirement of energy in all activity sector. Properties of resource of energy in Indonesia, that is Hydropower, hot earth, earth gas, coal, peat, biomassa, biogas, wind, sea energy, sun and other can be exploited as alternative energy, replacing depended to oil fuel, what limited progressively goodness sum up and its reserve. Oil fuel hold very dominant position in accomplishment requirement of energy in country. Have to realize in this time Indonesia have imported crude oil and also oil fuel to ful fill requirement. crisis of Energy which knock over world affect, world crude oil price height, having an effect on direct to activity of economics. Properties of resource energy, specially the source of new and new energy which we have, require to difikirkan to be exploited as alternative energy, replacing and lessening role of oil fuel in consumption of energi in Indonesia. On that pattern, Body Research and Development of University of wijaya Putra doing research with activity of Analysis Exploiting Of Resource of Energy Alternative Is Ready of Energy Society in Indonesia, upon which policy of management of exploiting of resource of energy existing. Renewable energy To support BBM subtitute.

The accusative of this field of study is to build up a more effective research to obtain and to understand the effects and the relation between/on the process parameters depth of cut, spindle speed and cutting feed rate on the surface roughness and to build a multiple regression model and predict the surface roughness values of machining parameters in the end-milling process. By the settling of experiments is to be designed and begin the enactment of surface quality and surface finish for the end-milling process have been performed. This set of experiments can provide brainstorm into the troubles of operating and controlling the finish of machined surfaces when the machining process parameters are aligned to obtain a certain surface finish. The set of experiments and the model, which includes the effect of depth of cut, spindle speed and cutting feed rate, and the interaction between any two-variable, which predict the surface roughness values with an accuracy of about 5.22 %.

Deep-sea mining system technology is complex, expensive and difficult to develop due to high cost and risks of physical models constructions. The development of deep-sea mining simulation test system is the early concept of design innovation and it is an effective tool to accelerate the maturity of the technology to ensure stable and reliable performance. RecurDyn is fully integrated linear and non-linear FEA capability software which allows the creation of detailed realistic models for design studies and product's performance improvement. In this paper a miner track system was modeled based on an optimized design in order to check for its feasibility.

In this work the void fraction for oil-water mixture are measured by using radiation source 137Cs with activity of 0.636 µCi. The plastic-tube contain the mixture are putting interior beaker and subjected into radiation to measure the void fraction. There are many applications industries, such as, oil and gas pipelines, heat exchangers etc.

The human energized flywheel motor has been adopted for many designs of rural applications in the last two decades. In the recent past a human powered process machine has been developed for brick making, chaff cutter, water pump, blender, wood turning, clothes washing and drying and earthen pot making etc [1]. The machine consist of human powered flywheel motor using a bicycle drive mechanism with speed increasing gearing and a flywheel, which drive the process unit through a spiral jaw clutch and torque increasing gearing [2]. The operator puts energy is stored, pedaling is stopped and the energy in the flywheel is made available to the process unit. Pedal power is the transfer of energy from a human source through the use of a foot pedal and crank system. This technology is most commonly used for transportation and has been used to propel bicycles. Less commonly pedal power is used to power agricultural and hand tools and even to generate electricity. The paper discuss about the application for pedal power technology. The machine is economically viable, can be used by unskilled workers, save time otherwise spent in traditional mixing and can be adopted for human powered process units which could have intermittent operation without affecting the end product.

Poka yoke is a very powerful set of technique that either keeps defects from occurring or indicating immediately when a defect occurs. It relies on creativity and common sense to create low cost, effective inspection devices. Like many quality tools, mistake-proofing is not a solution for every kind of defect or quality problem. The poka yoke aims to reduce the rejection, increase the production and avoid fatigue of worker. The beauty of this lies in that anyone, from manager to line supervisor to line employee can bring this concept into service. These devices are used either to prevent the special causes that result in defects, or to inexpensively inspect each item that is produced to determine whether it is acceptable or defective. The paper contains poka yoke fundamentals to improve the production of lever cam follower and to achieve the target of zero defects over the whole process machining.

The objective of this study was to design a singulation system for proper presentation of rice kernels to be analyzed by vision-based rice inspection systems. In order to achieve this goal, several ideas were examined and the preference of each design over the others was evaluated using the Multi-Criteria-Analysis (MCA) method. The proposed designs included a grooved conveyor belt, dual conveyor singulation device, vibrating tray, circular positioning device, and ejection nozzles. The assessment criteria considered in this research included complexity, fabrication cost, feasibility of implementation, singulation speed, and singulation accuracy. After executing the MCA method, the dual conveyor singulation design was selected as the best design for implementation. A prototype of the selected idea was then constructed and its performance was evaluated practically at different transmission frequencies (TFs) of the conveyor’s variable speed drive and discharge rate (DR) of kernels on the conveyor surface. Results of evaluation showed that in all of the DRs the singulation efficiency increased with transmission frequency. The results also revealed that for all of the evaluated TFs, increasing the discharge rate decreased the singulation efficiency. For all of the evaluated DRs, a somewhat irregular increase was observed in the number of singulated kernels with increasing TF. The highest singulation efficiency was equal to 93.09 % which was obtained at DR of 60 g/min and TF of 60 Hz. The highest number of singulated kernels was equal to 94.75, on the average, which was achieved at DR of 60 g/min and TF of 50 Hz

This paper reviews the current situation with regard to generation of low grade fuels and their prospects of economic conversion into electrical power, the technologies presently available for this purpose, and the problems faced in such efforts. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to devise ways and means for generating electrical power from low grade fuels; keeping in mind the requirements of cleaner production and environmental protection so that the initiative leads to a total solution. The calorific value of such fuels varies between 550kcal/kg-1050 kcal/kg as compared to developed countries ie1550kcal/kg to 2050kcal/kg. The combination of various low grade fuels were prepared and tested, experimental analysis amply high light the usage of these fuels as a replacement of coal. There is a shimmering promise that the whole process of using low grade fuel i.e. too Agriwaste harvesting, collection, transport,economic processing and utilization of low grade fuel can be made technically and economically more viable in future. Thus, this paper highlights the value of low grade fuels as a prospective source of electric power and thus serving the remote areas in the form of stand- alone units giving a boost to decentralized power supply. This approach and option seems to be possible in view of its potential contribution to our economic and social development. No doubt, this initiative needs to be backed and perused rigorously for removing regional imbalances as well as strengthening National economy.