Social Sciences

Three general types of sports tourism exist in Malaysia: spectator sports, traditional sports and adventure sports. The purpose of this of this paper to examine a participative sport event, SUKIPT’s athlete, in order to illustrate the relations between athlete and the events to which they travel. Research method used was qualitative, quasi-experiment approach to examine a participative sport event, SUKIPT’s athlete. The impact is based on Gibson (1998), increased urbanization, civilization process, means for economic development, concern with health and well-being, advancement in “high tech” sports equipment, and advancement in communication and technological development.

The four programmes of the Swadeshi movement which were like the four pillars of Nationalism were translated into action in different parts of India.  The idea of Boycott was kept alive and brought home to every door by articles in newspapers, processions, popular songs, enrolment of volunteers to keep vigilant watch, and by occasional bon-fires of foreign clothes, salt and sugar. The old apparels of foreign make belonging to sundry people were placed in a heep and then it was set on fire.  The blazing flames were greeted with shouts of ‘Bande Mataram’.  Such bonfires were looked upon as a special mode of honouring noted public leaders when they visited any particular locality.  Such tours of eminent leaders and the bonfires greeting them were regarded as of great value as a means of infusing enthusiasm for Swadeshi.

The aim of current study is to investigate the relationship among social capital & the Knowledge management in the Iranian national Oil refining and distribution Company. our model has four dimensions of knowledge management and a model for social capital. The statistical sample of this study was the manager and Employees of Iranian national oil refining and distribution company, Based on the proposed research model, we have examined the research hypothesis, which Consisted of one main hypothesis and five subs hypotheses. At last, the research hypotheses were tested By Spearman Correlation Factor and four hypotheses were accepted and one of them weren't accepted And their significance factor was confirmed. Afterward, by the multi factor data analyzer, it was noticed That the independent variables of research has multi dimension correlation with km as a dependant variable

The study was carried out selecting a random sample of 120 postgraduate scholars studying in first and second year M.Sc. (Agri.) at B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. The study reveals that a great majority (89.17 per cent) of the postgraduate scholars studying in higher agriculture education had above average level of overall employability. The level of employability was observed significantly higher among those postgraduate scholars, who had better academic performance, highly educated father and mother, higher degree of library exposure and increased level of job preference.

Currently, Ministry of Information, Communication and Technology in Thailand has focused on information and communication technology (ICT) to provide innovation solutions for socio-economic growth. The best concept for ICT Reform is that the Thai government should not dominate the role of providing ICT services, but they should be run more efficiently by private companies. Rather, the role of the government should be to be responsible for planning, structuring and regulation, whilst the private sector may be responsible for management, investment, construction and finance. The transfer of responsibility to the private sector and the introduction of competition should be accomplished through some transparent arrangements including management contracts, capital leases, concessions, sale of assets and rights to operate (Best Practices for Telecommunications Reform, 2002). However, there exist difficulties when the government has to formulate the ICT policy. The policymakers are often unfamiliar with the technologies that they are harnessing for the national development. This article explores the national ICT development models employed in different countries which exhibit some similarities and differences. In overall, the ICT policy is not only the direction about developing the ICT industry or sector of the economy but also encompasses the use of ICTs to engender economic, social, and political growth.

This paper discusses public policy making in Tanzania. Using documentary analysis, it attempts to find out whether the problems that were observed by Goran Hyden in1984 have so far been solved by policy makers. A point of reference is made to the fact that Hyden’s observation was made during the time in which Tanzania was under state controlled economy. With the country’s adoption of liberalization policies which Ndumbaro (1994) describes as the era of power shift in policy making from the state to donors, it is imperative to see whether this has affected policy making in the country. The paper concludes that although donors’ influence in policy making has continued to increase, there is no significant improvement in addressing policy-making problems that were noted by Hyden. Most of the policies continue to be made without adequate information, in which also the past does not seem to be of great use in shaping new policies. As a result, policy makers continue to be driven by a desire to do everything at the same time, which in turn increases the burden to policy implementers.

Concerns have been raised over the increase of problems like drug abuse, alcoholism premarital sex, cheating in examinations and teenage pregnancies in Kenyan Public Universities. The study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of guidance and counselling services at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology. The Goal Setting Theory by Locke and Latham (1990) formed the theoretical framework for the study. The Study adopted a descriptive survey design. The sample size comprised of 204 university students. It was found out that guidance and counselling services at Masinde MuliroUniversity of Science and Technology were effective among students who sought the services. The study, however recommended that the guidance and counselling department should focus more on social, health and financial issues affecting students in the campus as well as exploring the influence of university enrolment and home oriented factors that may affect students and the stakeholders were encouraged to be involved in the process of guiding and counselling students.

This paper investigates the extent to which the electorates’ culture plays a role in parliamentary elections in Webuye Constituency, Kenya. The main assumption is that the electorates’ culture influences peoples' attitudes and choices. Three objectives form the basis of the paper. These are: to assess the role of the electorates’ moral values in parliamentary elections, to examine the role of electorates’ patriarchal values in parliamentary elections and to investigate the impact of electorates’ oral traditions in campaigns and voting patterns during parliamentary elections. The Interaction Interpretive theory is the main tool used to probe various aspects and elements of politics. The paper is organized into three sections. Section one covers the background information to the paper, statement of the problem, objectives of the paper, literature review and theoretical framework. Research methodology, results and discussion are in sections two, three and four respectively. Primary data is collected from oral interviews, observation and questionnaires while secondary data is collected mainly from written materials like published books, periodicals, newspapers, journals and Internet. The target population is randomly and in specific cases purposively sampled. The findings are presented according to each research objective mainly using tables. Percentages are computed to give a clear statistical picture of the state of issues under investigation.

The aim of current study is to investigate the relationship between social capital & the Knowledge management in the Iranian national Oil refining and distribution Company. our model have four dimensions of knowledge management and a model for social capital. The statistical sample of this study was the manager and Employees of Iranian`s national oil refining and distribution company, Based on the proposed research model, we have examined the research hypothesis, which Consisted of one main hypothesis and five sub hypothesis. At last, the research hypotheses were tested By Spearman Correlation Factor and four hypotheses were accepted and one of them weren’t accepted And their significance factor was confirmed. Afterward, by the multi factor data analyze, it was noticed That the independent variables of research has variables of research have multi dimension correlation with km as a dependent variable.

Oral performance in general plays a significant part in any academic field and it is a flexible tool that can be used to meet a variety of goals (Diamond, 1999; Graham, 2006). This study aimed to illuminate and investigate one psychological and crucial factor influencing the oral performance: Self-efficacy (SE). Lexical knowledge (LK) also plays a significant role in oral performances. An attempt was made to assess the relationship among self-efficacy, lexical knowledge, and oral performance. In so doing, after homogenizing the students as Intermediate ones via a placement test, a standard questionnaire of SE (Owen&Froman, 1988) was administered to intermediate students. In addition a lexical knowledge test was taken. Afterwards, the researcher asked the subjects to deliver a speech on a general topic. Based on the results, the subjects were divided into four groups: 1) High SE, High LK, 2) High SE, Low LK, 3) Low SE, High LK, and 4) Low SE, Low LK. The data collected as well as the scores given to their oral performances were analyzed through SPSS (21.00). Results indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups of High self-efficacy, high lexical knowledge and Low self efficacy, low lexical knowledge. The former group outperformed the latter one. The outcomes of this study can have benefits for both foreign language teachers and learners. They both can attain better results by focusing more on the psychological factor of self-efficacy and linguistic factor of lexical knowledge in their roles. The findings of the present study demonstrated that more concentration ought to be placed on this psychological factor as well as lexical knowledge of the learners in order to enhance their oral performances.