Dentistry

Tongue is one of the most important organs in the oral cavity which has significant roles in different functions such as speaking, mastication, swallowing, breathing, etc. The tongue may be influenced by internal diseases sooner than other organs and also may be involved in some abnormalities such as developmental, genetical and environmental. This study has been performed to determine the frequency of seven tongue abnormal conditions in patients attended in the Screening Clinic of oral medicine department of dental school in Shiraz, Fars providence, Iran. A total of 112 adults that aged between 15-58 years old were clinically examined punctilious observation using dental mirror and proper light. The prevalence of tongue anomalies were evaluated and analyzed according to form, age, sex and systemic condition using chi-square method. Tongue lesions were seen in 19patients (16.9 %) and the most prevalent lesion was geographic tongue(5.4%) followed by fissured tongue(2.6%), combination of both(2.6%), atrophy of tongue papilla(1.7%), coated and hairy tongue (2.6%), oral lichen planus (0.89%) and finally macroglossia(0.89%). Respectively a correlation was found between the occurrence of fissured and geographic tongue. A correlation was found between hairy tongue and smoking. Familial history was also seen in some patients. Emotional stresses relate to lichen planus and geographic tongue. Tongue anomalies and abnormal conditions were more prevalent and occasionally may be related to systemic problems so complete oral and specially tongue examination is necessary.

To determine whether vitamin E and omega-3 supplementations could increase saliva production and reduce oral dryness, 60 patients with oral dryness received either vitamin E (n=30) or omega-3 (n=30) in a three month prospective clinical trial. There was a significant saliva volume increase in vitamin E group (p<0.001) before and after taking the supplementation; However no significant saliva volume change was seen in omega-3 group (p=0.999). In this study vitamin E supplementation was found to be significantly better than omega-3 and significantly effective to improve oral dryness.

The salivary glands stand out as the tissue with probably the most diverse pathology in the human body. Salivary gland tumors are abnormal cells growing in the ducts that drain the salivary glands. Benign tumors are more common with the major glands. This review highlights management of benign epithelial salivary gland tumors. This covers various types of parotidectomy and techniques of submandibular gland excision. Endoscopic approaches and sialendoscopy are the recently used modalities.The key to surgical success is early identification of the facial nerve, meticulous dissection, and eradication of all disease at the time of initial surgery.

Diagnosis is the identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms. The ability to correctly diagnose and assess periodontal disease has received considerable attention in the last decade. Traditional clinical diagnostic methods such as periodontal probing, probing attachment level and radiographs are suitable for most clinical situations but do suffer from a number of drawbacks such as clinical or radiological measurements of attachment loss are not precisely accurate and if not carried out very carefully can be misleading. Recent innovations in periodontal diagnostic techniques have overcome these limitations.

Complete overdenture treatment uses a removable complete denture that overlies retained teeth, tooth roots, or dental implants. Those teeth that would have gone for extraction can frequently be retained by improving their crown-root ratio. These teeth, because of periodontal disease, have lost about two-third of their bony support and have a very unfavourable crown-root ratio. If endodontic therapy is performed on the retained teeth followed by reduction, the crown-root ratio can be greatly improved. An overdenture can be made that is supported by both teeth and residual alveolar ridge. Such treatment provides potential benefits by reducing residual ridge resorption, improves prosthesis retention and stability, and increased patient satisfaction. The overdenture concept may be used on complete, immediate or partial dentures.

Oral health care as a part of primary health care system, is incorporated in health system in 1995. Based on this program, pregnant women and children of 0-12 years old are considered as target groups. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of benefit rate among target groups from governmental oral health care services in 2010 and the comparison of those services with that of 2011 namely, one year after the beginning of health sector reform in Southern Provinces of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 268 urban and rural health care centers in southern provinces have been evaluated based on related statistical sheets in 2010 and 2011. Data entered in data sheet and analyzed by excel software. The effect of health sector reform in dental health care section in southern provinces has been successful so that this program has shown positive beneficial rate in dental services such as restorations and fissure sealant therapy in 2011 with respect to 2010. Improvements of oral health care programs such as better delivery of dental services and increase in awareness of target group in southern provinces, has caused an increase in benefit rate from dental services among them. The data obtained in this study, showed an increase in this rate in 2011 in comparison to 2010.

ABSTRACT The use of the laser in its relationship to dentistry is a new tool. Surgical lasers have been used in medicine for over a decade in the surgical specialties of Otolaryngology, dermatology, plastic surgery, gynecology, ophthalmology, neurosurgery, urology, thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, orthopaedics and most recently in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Recently lasers have been recommended as an alternative or adjunctive therapy in the control and treatment of periodontally diseased root surface. Lasers commonly used in dentistry are CO2, Nd:YAG, Ho:YAG, Er: YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, Nd:YAP, GaAs (diode) and argon .The present article aims at providing an overview of basic principles and various types of lasers used in periodontal therapy.

Oral mucositis is one of the most common complaints of patients who had chemotherapy. Different of mouthwashes have been used to alleviate the symptoms but none of these agents help in wound healing. This study evaluates the effectiveness of phenytoin mouthwash on these ulcers. In this cross sectional study oral mucosa of 40 patients undergoing chemotherapy due to blood malignancy, was examined. All patient with oral mucositis grade 2 and 3(NCI scale) during 2 weeks after chemotherapy were assessed for severity and duration of lesions at three intervals (0, 3, 14 days) by using serial photographs and clinical observation. Oral pain severity was recorded daily by a visual analogue scale (VAS). Patient rinsed 10 ml of PHT syrup in their mouth for one minute, three or four times a day and then expectorated. To describe the qualitative data, simple frequency, means, standard deviations was used. The study population consisted of 17 female (42.5%). and 23 male (57.5%) with mean age of 29 years old .The most common affected area was buccal mucosa. During two weeks after treatment, oral ulcers disappeared totally and pain relief was seen in all subjects gradually. There is no any side effect after using of topical phenytoin in this period. Phenytoin mouthwash accelerated healing of oral ulcers due to mucositis and decreased pain.

Esthetics is the science of beauty and encompasses almost every field of dentistry. Gingival recession is defined as the oral exposure of the root surface due to displacement of the gingival margin apical to the cement-enamel junction and it is regularly linked to the deterioration of dental aesthetics. It has been associated with many factors such as inflammatory periodontal disease, developmental anatomic abnormalities (aberrant frenal attachment, thin bony plate), toothbrush injury, tooth malposition and iatrogenic factors. Among the various treatment modalities for root coverage, Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) procedure demonstrates a high percentage of root coverage with a high predictability and without significant post-surgical complications. Management of gingival recession using Choukroun’s Magic Wand i.e. Platelet Rich Fibrin along with CAF, undoubtedly is a promising treatment modality for root coverage in vogue and should definitely be explored in future.

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign lesion of the oral cavity that presents as a solitary red or purple nodule. The routine treatment option for PG is excisional biopsy although the lesion may recur due to several factors such as residual tissue after excision or persistent etiologic factors. This case report presents a recurrent PG lesion in a 25-year old male with significant recurrence of swelling observed several months after excision. A combination procedure of excision and open flap debridement prevented further recurrence.