Production

WTO brings several important benefits to the members and its agreements helping in better market access and better policy implications. These agreements cannot tackle problems originating in developing countries due to poor domestic supply response, terms of trade changes or exogenous shocks, but opens up new markets for the member countries, efficiency gains, and growth of trade and inflow of foreign products. WTO assists commodity-producing Southeast Asian countries to improve their capacity for increasing the worth of their commodities through processing and manufacturing as well as marketing. At the same time, developing countries should press developed countries to reduce subsidy escalation and allow better market access for processed and commodity-based manufactured products, and thus help commodity producers reap better benefits from the trading system. Therefore WTO policies impact on Southeast Asian countries is positive as well as negative in some aspects. Improvement in production/marketing technology, provision or strengthening of basic infrastructural facilities such as those of packaging, transportation, storage, marketing information etc. and assured factor supplies which improve the comparative advantage can be helpful in increasing the export supply of major agricultural products i.e. coffee and tobacco. Policies and programmes which aim at reducing the yield risk in coffee and tea production will be helpful in increasing the export supply. These agreements significantly improve the stability of market access. WTO has also played a positive role in strengthening domestic policies for better management of agricultural sector crisis of Southeast Asian countries by making the healthy investment atmosphere over a longer period of time.

Sesame seeds originated in India and neighboring countries. It is flowering plant in genus sesamum. It is widely grown in tropical regions around the world and it is cultivated for its edible seeds which grow. It has many species and wild species are found in sub-Saharan in Africa. Cultivated types Sesame is important oil crops in Somalia where sesame is grown Southern Somalia around rivers. This study tried to investigate the factors influencing on the production of sesame seed in Somalia. The study was guided by the following specific objectives that are the influence of a market, training and value addition on sesame seed production in village farmers of Jowhar and Bal’ad districts. This study took a descriptive research design and statistical analysis. The target population of this study was village farmers in Jowhar and Bal’ad districts while the study population was 85 sesame farmers. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample to be included in the study where a sample size of 70 farmers was chosen. The study employed a questionnaire to collect primary data. The questionnaire comprised of both open and close-ended questions which generated quantitative data. Quantitative data was coded and entered into statistical packages for social scientists (SPSS Version 20.0) and analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics involved the use of absolute and relative (percentages) frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion (mean and standard deviation respectively).Quantitative data was presented in tables and graphs which the explanation to the same was presented in style. The study established that market influences on sesame seed production to a great extant and that train and value addition influence on sesame seed production to a very great extant. The study concluded that market, training and value addition influenced to a very great extant. The study recommended the Ministry of agriculture should improve market price and planning process in production in order to encourage sesame seed growers to increase production of sesame seeds and also should give training on prosper use of local organic manures and crop rotation that indicated high sesame seed production. The study recommended sesame seed growers should increase the use of sesame husks as animal feed over which it contributes farmers to increase sesame seed production. Analysis of variance showed that the factors influencing on sesame production include market, training and value addition which indicated statistically significant as shown by F (70)=12.193, p=0.009. Multivariate analysis was carried out and showed that T(70)=1.909 with value addition with a p=<0.005.

Despite all the "talk" of lean production, it is obvious that many manufacturers have yet to grasp the full benefits of this philosophy, the strong weapon what Japanese used it to overcome American (and the other strong economies) giant organizations. So many organizations like to know their organization how far from lean standard benchmark system, and fill these gaps. The main goal of this research that is a competitive benchmarking, is introduction a simple mathematical model to shows positions of an Iranian automaker relative to Toyota, and helps them to calculate the size of their gaps between them and lean benchmark (Toyota).

The present Study Discuss Labour Absorption in Agriculture, employment generation is one of the major objective of the developed and developing countries. Labour is one of the important factors of production in Indian economy, particularly in rural economy, rural industries and small scale industries. As India is a country of villages, three fourth of Indian population is living in rural Indian and two, third of this population directly or indirectly depends on the agricultural sector for live Livelihood (Planning Commission 1990). In India the number of person employed in industry, relatively to agriculture is small consequently large portion of the labour force will continue to obtain their sustenance from farm and farm related occupations. At least during next two or three decades, the agricultural sector must provide employment opportunities in rural areas. The studies conducted in the past have broadly concluded that technological progress based on seed, fertilizer and irrigation is generally labour-using in nature whereas mechanization via tractors, pump sets, harvesters and threshers is usually labour –saving in nature. However, usually these two aspects of the technological progress are complementary in nature and as such there is no consensus regarding the total effect of technological progress on labour absorption. In this context, both dry land and wet land technologies have been considered to assess labour absorption in Salem District, Tamilnadu.

As states look to move towards the knowledge-based economy as a means of prolonging competitive advantages first obtained from labour-intensive, export-oriented manufacturing, the role of creative industries becomes increasingly important. These industries are variously defined and may be problematic in terms of their actual contribution to the overall economy but, nevertheless, facilitating their smooth functioning is held to be one of the state’s principal economic roles in the years ahead. This requires the creation of a form or forms of infrastructure that will support the creative industries and the fostering of links between them and the education system and labour market, such that the latter produce what is required by the former. The city in East Asia which has most consciously and actively pursued the means of causing the growth of creative industries is Seoul. This has necessitated the creation and implementation of a wide range of policies, in addition to affecting the physical growth of the city. As the authorities of Thailand’s city Bangkok look to the next round of growth beyond the East Asian Economic Model, the example of Seoul burns brightly. Yet there are various problems in following the Seoul example, ranging from the nature of the education system, the inability of metropolitan authorities to separate politics from planning decisions and the persistence of the value of low-labour cost manufacturing operations. This paper evaluates the nature of the Seoul model and the implications this has for the recreation of Bangkok in an environment in which the entire city may have to be abandoned to the elements.

“Motivation is a process of channeling a person’s inner drives so that, wants to accomplish the goals of the organization”. Motivation is the willingness to do something and is conditioned by this action’s ability some need for the individual. To motivate means to provide an employee with his own generator to provide a goal – directed behavior. A motivated employee does not see outside stimulation again and again. His battery does not need to be charged repeatedly. He is driven from forces within him and outside research tool applied on this research is questionnaire. The primary data collected using structured questionnaire. Questionnaire constructed according to procedure in such a way to gather all information regarding the opinion of employees. Descriptive research technique was adopted in this project. Generally, descriptive studies are designed to describe something and it is needed to collect data for a definite purpose.

Considering to Importance of Food Industries related to generate employment, more so than many other manufacturing sector and also it’s vital role in Iran’s economy. This paper examines the determinants of labour productivity in food industries of Iran over the 1995-2006 period. The study applied the Cobb–Douglas production function of industry. The results showed that total factor productivity is 17.8 percent. The determinants like education, skilled, specialist, capital per worker and wages have affected on productivity’s differences in Iranian food industries. The most important factor was employee’s specialization in this industry.

Traditional linear industries led to dwindling resources and even exhaustion, as well as environment pollution, it is a short-sighted unsustainable development mode of the economy. Industry ecology is to realize the harmonious development between economy and nature ecology by planning industrial systems according to material cycle in the natural ecological system, and to establish the circular economy mode of “resources-products-renewable resources”. There are strong similarities between the enterprises in an industrial eco-system and organisms in a natural eco-system, the paper first conducts a comparison of the natural eco-system and the industrial eco-system in several features, such as diversity, cyclic orientation and food chains, then discusses the functional benefits of an industrial eco-system in environment, economy and society, after that this paper points out that industry ecology is conducive to completely change the current way of economic growth mode, it is one kind of ecological economy pattern and a sustainable economic development model.

Set partitioning problems are known to be NP-hard, thus it requires massive amounts of times and efforts to solve them using linear programming and traditional algorithms. This study proposes to use a tabu algorithm for such problems. The proposed algorithm is applied to the distributing network design problem of a wholesale company. The orders of 420 customers from 24 cities in the region are currently satisfied from a central warehouse of the company. The proposed algorithm in this study aims to set up groups of customers based on their geographic locations with the goal of minimizing the total amount of traveling, thus cost and time throughout the network. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the total traveling by a considerable amount of 10%. The possible scenarios for alignment of the customers are suggested at the end of the study as a way of implementing the findings of this research.

Deployment of maintenance and quality management systems comprehensively (TPM and TQM) have an important role in improving the productivity of manufacturing industries. Results of studies confirmed that implementation of TPM and TQM systems in many industries have not been successful. This research evaluated TPM and TQM deployment readiness in the Iranian prominent automaker, Pars Khodro, by appointing three different enablers. Research findings indicate that General and TPM enablers in Pars khodro are desirable, while TQM enablers should be boost.