Social Studies

Kurdistan area as a part of Iran has an important role in economy , security and production . Author studies the education and social services in this area that includes Kurdistan provinces and mostly they speak Kurdish language.As this part of country is very important the writer has studied the education and social services situation in this area . Using the library and field research and reliable resources and analytic deduction I have compared the literacy situation in 1390 census. The literacy situation in a group of six years old and more children and college students also health situation for mortality and medical have been studied . The interval between these indices and the country is determined. In this article the results show that the average literacy in Kurdistan of Iran in 1390 census is 80.22 percent while in the country is 84.75 percent. And this interval is less in rural areas, it means that the literacy in Kurdistan rural areas is about 73 percent and in the is 75.10 . Also ratio of professor to the student in the country for 5.98 students is one professor while in Kurdistan area is 6.81 . About health , Kurdistan situation is really different from the country for example about mothers mortality because of pregnancy in 2009 in the country 437 and in Kurdistan 60 people are dead. IF we compare this figure with Kurdistan population ratio to the country we can see that there is a significant interval between these indices. Kurdistan population is 9.41 when the babies morality is 13.72 in the country and the total mortality in this year is 5.1 percent in the country .And the mortality in the area is 5.2 percent.Now according to research conclusions and significant differences between social and public indices : Kurdistan area needs to a serious and special attention and the area social policies need to be review seriously because this area has an important role in producing agricultural – garden productions and the country security . Also, education is very necessary in this area. It sounds that education is a base to decrease the significant intervals in the indices of the area and the country .We can gain this goal by planning for the country educational system and training the skillful and experienced work force.

Endangering the environment, depletion of natural resources Valvdh of basic resources), water, soil, air) to treat a condition that it should search way. Prevention, treatment considered low cost. In other areas, such as social environment, education is considered as a way to prevent disease. Encapsulation is measured them. Dez most cases, the objectives of the two documents overlap with each other in order to protect the environment, but in some cases together with a small Akhlafaty. The document of fundamental transformation goals too low and indirectly referred to the environmental parameters.

There is a terrible crisis faced by public insecurity at "Laja Bajío" region at the State of Guanajuato, Mexico; leading to shutdowns and investment cancellation. Given this scenario, businessmen are in need to hire security service companies to provide them surveillance at their installations. Receiving businessmen whom are not considered to be satisfied with contractors, have been seen short in training to be operative personnel -caretaker, guardian, etc.- and this is not compatible with standardized organizational quality standards, also this create a bad image to corporate visitors, moreover projecting further distrust. A study with business users of private services in this area has been carried out, to know the characteristics of a good supplier. It has contrasted with the study to lenders to propose a business model that allows the establishment of a security execution and surveillance service company that meets the requirements and needs of receivers. It is an alternate business and investment. It is an alternate business and investment

Dalit Christian is not recognised as a valid social category in India. Hence, they are not covered under any compensatory measures such as reservations and special legal safeguards which are otherwise extended to Dalits who belong to Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist communities, though caste-based prejudices are strong in Christianity and Dalit Christians too face similar forms of discrimination and exclusion as other Dalits. Though there is enough evidence in social science literature on the identity issues and discrimination faced by Dalit Christians, there remains several other questions to be addressed alongside while examining the claim for group-specific policy interventions for Dalit Christians. The most important one possibly is the caste-religion interface of non-Hindu Dalits. This is significant in the context that religion is the primary criterion to officially define Scheduled Castes in India as per the Constitutional Order of 1950. As per the formal definition “no person who confesses a religion different from the Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist religious conviction shall be considered to be a member of Scheduled Castes.” This paper attempts to address some of the questions using the available literature and official data. The study is largely based on the historical and current social science literature on caste among the Christians in India.

The ‘Jallikattu’ Movement (2017) in TamilNadu, India has been a social movement as it could be broadly classified as a movement that primarily took the form of non-institutionalised collective political action striving for political or social change. To study the 'jallikattu' movement, one requires the pre-exposure to the operation dynamic of contemporary social movements with reference to their grievance structures, organisational status, resource mobilisation position, and mobilising structures. ‘Jallikattu’ and the movement associated with it have been widely and regularly covered by the mass media, but the critical and creative analyses have been quite lacking. This has been articulated and addressed in the following lines of media involved and its move parallelly, key aspects of the media effect on the protestors with the protest dynamic and media paradigm and is there cause of delegitimization of the m movement. The present study deals with the social political movement and the protest event analysis PEA is adopted for methodological approach. PEA is an unobtrusive technique that could handle even the unstructured matter as data. It is context sensitive and can cope with large volumes of data. The protest Event analysis has been adopted as the best empirical and theoretical approach for testing and expanding the theory of focusing on mechanisms and processes. The protest event analysis PEA is an innovation from the political process theory allowing mapping of the occurrences and characteristics of protests across geographical areas, across issues/ movements, and over time.

The present work had as overall objective to make the comparative study on the number of nodulation of three legumes (peanut, soybean and cowpea) and the correlation with the level of fertilization of the Lwama I site, city of Kindu. To do this, an experimental device in randomized complete blocks, comprising three treatments and six repetitions, was set up; The results obtained showed that: - For the number of nodulation, groundnut had higher number with the average of 38 while the lowest number was observed in soybean with the average of 0 and the intermediate number was observed in cowpea with the average of 10; - For the number of active nodules, groundnut had a higher number with the average of 26 while the lowest number was observed in soybean with the average of 0 and the intermediate number was observed in cowpea with the average of 8; - With regard to the level of soil fertility in nitrogen, the work done in the laboratory proves that the soil sown with soy had given a very high quantity of nitrogen with the average of 3 mg N/l, while the lowest quantity was obtained in the soil not sown by a legume with a quantity of less than zero mg N/l and the intermediate quantities were obtained in the soil sown by groundnut with the average of 1.6 mg N/l and in the soil sown by cowpea with the average of 1.8mg N/l (Solia 2016).

This paper demonstrates various attempts by the wives of Nandi migrant labourers to devise household surviving strategies to cope with the prolonged absence of their spouses in the colonial period (1908-1963). The study utilised the concept of Agency and a qualitative design, purposive sampling, 40 wives and 15 relatives of the migrant labourers. The socio-cultural and economic strategies that they devised included utilising their husbands’ remittances, seeking additional employment, domestic trading, traditional beer brewing, cooperative cultivation, hired labour, gathering firewood, prostitution, concubinage, and elopement. They succeeded to a large extent and managed to expand plots, bought cattle among other benefits.

A study on the influence of trampling on the biomass production of six Brachiaria ecotypes, namely Brachiaria decumbens cv Bazilisk; Brachiaria mulato; Brachiaria brizantha cv Xaraes; Brachiaria ruziziensis; Brachiaria brizantha cv Nioka and Brachiaria brizantha cv Piata at Nioka, was carried out to observe their production and identify those with an interesting resilience to the above-mentioned factor.The experimental set-up was that of randomized complete blocks comprising six treatments (six ecotypes mentioned above) and repeated three times. The six Brachiaria ecotypes were subjected to the trampling disturbance factor. The following parameters were measured: recovery rate and speed, tillering, biomass.After observation, the results were as follows:The highest biomass for this factor before and after trampling was obtained by B. brizantha cv Piata, while the lowest production was deplored in B. brizantha cv Nioka and B. mulato.

At the Makelekele base hospital in Brazzaville, the most neglected aspect of activities is hospital information management. Our study aimed to assess the quality of information by interviewing patients hospitalised or consulting at the Makélékélé base hospital between July 2020 and February 2021. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a qualitative approach based on the quality criteria of the Delone and MacLean models. Our study population consisted of a group of patients, users of hospital information. The patients gave their consent to participate in the survey. Confidentiality and anonymity of the data were ensured. A total of 300 patients responded to the questionnaires, most of them with a satisfaction rate of over 60%. The satisfaction rate of the patients appeared to be satisfactory with regard to the comfort and cleanliness of the room (63.27%), the noise in the ward (60.20%) and the organisation of discharges. The responses (90-100%) regarding possible improvement of the quality of the data were maximum. The statistical results were significant. Our survey revealed a relatively positive patient satisfaction rate regarding the quality of care, the comfort and cleanliness of the room and the noise in the ward. Patients were satisfied with the organisation of hospital discharges. Most respondents were unanimous about the evolution of data quality. The measurement instrument used for this exploratory research concluded that the target population had a high level of satisfaction. Users were clearly satisfied with the current information system. This investigation revealed that there were significant gaps in data quality that should be prioritised in the management of the Hospital Information System. Our study has allowed us to understand the constraints that hinder information management in the hospital. There were specific elements of health information that need to be diligently applied (information quality) or improved and enhanced (information use).

Hydrocarbon assessment in deepwater settings is very challenging and expensive. Reservoir modelling through geostatistical analysis can be used for better prediction of deepwater facies as well as reducing uncertainties associated with field development. Geostatistical analysis of seismic and well log data was employed to predict reservoir heterogeneity and quality in deepwater turbidite systems of “AFUN” field. Biostratigraphic data and gamma ray log signature were interpreted for chronostratigraphic correlation across the wells. The static properties of the reservoir such as Porosity (?), Volume of shale (Vsh), Water Saturation (Sw), Net-to-Gross (NTG) and fluid type were generated. The subsurface structures and stratigraphy were interpreted with the extraction of seismic attributes from the generated time structure maps. The reservoir modelling involved the population of the reservoir architecture (structure and stratigraphy) with rock properties using stochastic algorithms. Four main petrophysical parameters with lithofacies were modelled in order to determine how these properties are spatially distributed within the subsurface. From the models, it can be deduced that synthetic and antithetic faults constitute the structural framework of the reservoirs in the study area. The faulting system therefore contributing to reservoir complexity. Also, the lithofacies model built for the reservoirs revealed three facies with the sandy turbidite ranging from 15- 45 %, shaly turbidite ranges from 9-24 % while shale ranges from 35-74 %. The model also showed that there are vertical and lateral changes in reservoir properties created by reservoir heterogeneity. The reservoir heterogeneity and quality in deep water turbidite systems could thus be accurately predicted using geostatistical analysis.