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As mercury (Hg) amalgamation is an inexpensive, quick and simple way to extract gold, it is currently the method most commonly used in Artisanal gold mining in Ghana and most developing countries. However, the activities of these Artisanal miners result in the release of Hg into the environment by amalgamation tailings and amalgam burning. These amalgamation tailings often left behind forms Hg “hotspots” in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem, forming the main source of Hg dispersion. An investigation was conducted in the Asutifi district, hosts for several artisanal gold mining centres to ascertain the levels and the degree of mercury contamination in amalgamation tailings. The degree of contamination were assessed using mathematical model index approach, geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factors (EF). The average Igeo for Hg in tailings (0.5) denoted uncontaminated to moderately contaminated, whilst the EF indicated very high to extremely high enrichment.

In order to assess if there is a potential of solubilizing trace metals from minerals by saline intrusion in costal aquifers, a series of simulations were conducted. Numerical simulations were conducted for a series of saline intrusion scenarios and different aquifer geochemical conditions like; in presence of dolomite, qurtz and pyrites. The effect of saline intrusion induced trace metal solubilisation was assessed using a PHREQCI hydro geochemical model incorporated with minteq.v4 thermodynamic database. For simulation the physicochemical parameters of groundwater (which contains lead and copper in trace level) of the costal aquifer of Mumbai, India was taken in input file. Results show that Cerrusite and Cuprite are the predominant mineral phases in equilibrium with groundwater for Pb and Cu respectively. Further simulations at different rate of saline intrusion revealed that Pb and Cu mobilization increases with the increase in saline intrusion and exceeds their maximum contamination levels (MCL). The involved mechanism in mobilization of metal ion is nothing but the desorption of the metal ions from mineral surface by competitive positive ions Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and subsequent formation of soluble complexes by counter ions like Cl-, SO42- and CO32-.The study revealed that the presence of dolomite in the aquifer accelerate the desorption of the Pb and Cu from mineral.

Operational strategies of pharmaceutical companies are changing every decade, in line with changes in production management, focusing primarily on productivity and economies of scale, economy quality, production flexibility on the scheduling of production, customer, and then - to the economy of speed, innovation and knowledge, skills and cooperation. The Operational strategies of pharmaceutical enterprises change every decade, in line with changes in production management, focusing primarily on productivity and economies of scale, the quality of the economy, ensuring the flexibility of production in the production planning account, customer orientation, and then-at the speed economy, innovation and knowledge, skills and cooperation.

Title: Model for reform Consumption Drug in chemical veteran Background: Drug is one of strategic goods and strategic goods are often deal with nutrition, defend & health of community and it consist of basic needs of community. Drug need in chemical ventures may undeniable but not having comprehensive knowledge about drug consumption in high risk patients may harm injuries hardly during time that one of its affects is living with intensive cares because of this reason this survey is aimed to study this rate of chemical ventures’ awareness about drug consumption and designing a model for reforming consumption. Objective: This research was aimed to study knowledge of drug consumption in chemical ventures in Nesar Direh village in the first half of 2009 solar year. Methods: This research is a case comparison study that has done with longitudinal method in the first half of 1388 in 80 chemical ventures of Nesar Direh village in Gillan-e-gharb area in Kermanshah province that separated this sample in 2 groups: 40 persons as intervened group and 40 as comparison one regarding with the same condition. Data was collected by research team with using conversation, observation, survey on documents such as medical descriptions, drugs, inpatient documents, drug basket and etc with using questionnaire and checklist that are designed by researcher (consist of 10 aspects) that is used after measuring it’s validity and reliability by professionals idea during 3 stages in 2 weeks and finally acceptance of university teachers. Finally data was analyzed with SPSS12 software and using descriptive statistics methods. Findings: findings are shown that the sex of comparison group is 18 men and 22 women and also the same in intervened group. Other details of both groups are shown in table 1. The rates of knowledge are the same in 10 aspects in both intervened and comparison group before intervention but after that this rate increased in 8 aspects but not increased in 2. Will fully drug consumption and using emergency drugs such as calming and conforming drugs are the uncontrolled factors during the research. Also the findings showed that there is significant meaning between the sex and consuming emergency drugs. Discussion & Conclusion: The results are shown that consuming drugs are critical now and guide to using maintenance system beside increasing knowledge of high risk injuries such as chemical ventures and designing a model for reforming consumption. Spending time leads Iran’s pharmaceutical system to critical path compare with other countries, in addition lead to exit money and increasing health expenses from GNP and this issue cause disability for inventing and making new drugs in Iran that are already made in the other countries.

The present article discuses the problems of new Unitary Quantum Theory in its applications to the different aspects of the reality. There are spectacular examples of such applications. The Modern science cannot explain origin of life's.

Nigeria is a multi-ethnic nation with cultural differences between its component ethnicity groups. From the north to the coasts. The range in type of social system, minority allocation Federal character and Revenue allocation. This diversity has resulted into major problems namely: Problem arising between the larger ethnic groups and the hostility that derives from competition between peoples for wealth and power. This paper examines the political implication of the diversity and the problems created by it for the survival of Federalism in Nigeria by using secondary sources of information and made recommendations based on the findings of the study

With the influential and remarkable progress through promoting local currency (for de-dollarization), regional foreign direct investment, and regional trade, BRICS economies have emerged, and took a new space in the 21st century. In this paper, the main objective/purpose was to focus on the influence of trade and investment on their economic growth and prosperous development; based on comparative analysis. Moreover, the identification of three steps of upward evolution shows that BRICS role is growing both in trade, investment and service, but replacing also the G-7. For empirical investigation, this study used panel data approach, where the empirical results reveal that the impacts of investment and trade on economic growth in BRICS are positive and statistically significant.

One of the main tasks that Nigeria set for herself at independence in October 1960, in the area of foreign policy was the vigorous pursuit of the total decolonization of Africa and the dismantling of apartheid in South Africa. Nigeria firmly pursued and won these battles through finances, alliances, meetings and aid. The confidence which the African countries reposed in Nigeria resulted in conferring on her, the status of the continent’s mouthpiece. Indeed, the application of vibrant diplomatic skills in the pursuit of the task of decolonization by the Nigerian government could be aptly viewed from the efforts of the activist regime of General Murtala Mohammed between July 1975, and February 1976, which resulted in liberation of Angola from the claws of the Portuguese colonialism. Although the diplomatic engagements did not result in immediate economic gains for Nigeria, it strengthened Nigeria’s image as the “giant of Africa”. This paper assesses Nigeria’s diplomatic engagements toward Angola’s liberation and suggests that Nigeria should mainstream economic dimension in her diplomatic relations with Angola on the basis of national interest still focusing on her Afrocentric foreign policy posture for the good of the continent. The paper adopts a historical descriptive methodology.

Analytical solutions are obtained for advection-dispersion equation in one-dimension longitudinal finite domain. The solute dispersion parameter is assumed temporally dependent along uniform flow. The retardation coefficient and first order decay term which inversely proportional to the dispersion coefficient is also considered. Initially the space domain is solute free. Solution are obtained for two cases, first one for uniform input and second one for increasing input condition.

In order to increase the strength of subgrade soil and to reduce the construction cost of road and airfield pavement by making best use of the locally available materials, mechanical stabilization technique is one of the vital solution. But, in the past few years, utilization of stone quarry dust has been the focus of few researches. Therefore, in this investigation an attempt is made to stabilize clayey soil using stone quarry dust to analyze the index properties and subgrade strength properties of soil, which includes Atterberg's limits, Compaction Characteristics, California Bearing Ratio and Consolidated Undrained Tri-Axial Compression tests. It was concluded that addition of 30% stone quarry dust had increased maximum dry density, California bearing ratio value, angle of internal friction and decreased the optimum moisture content which made the soil-quarry dust mixes durable.