Social Studies

Over the years, Nigeria has increasingly faced enormous apprehension arising from conflict and insecurity from Nigeria’s contiguous countries individuated by armed bandits and armed herders, who take advantage of our porous borders to perpetrate monstrous crimes with negative impact on our internal security. In the study, some fundamental objectives stated: To examine the nature of conflict and insecurity in Nigeria, the role of ECOWAS protocol on free movement in west Africa in the conflict and the role of the Nigerian security apparatus in the incidents of cross border crimes and increase conflict and insecurity in Nigeria. In this paper, we used qualitative materials with the application of historical analysis. The findings revealed Nigeria inherited conflict and insecurity from its geo-political location with northern contiguous neighbours. Besides the porous border, the religious and cultural affinity of people across the border are playing a significant role in aiding armed bandits, armed herders, religious fanatics and Boko Haram insurgency who recklessly infiltrate and criss-cross into and out of Nigeria to unleash wanton destruction of lives and property. More worrisome is the spate of killings and kidnappings taking place all over Nigeria. It was also revealed that the free movement of illegal aliens across the border has resulted in a proliferation of small arms and light weapons paraded by herdsmen as they graze their cattle. The paper recommended that Nigeria should exploit the positive aspects of its diversity to enhance national integration, to ward off illegal aliens, there should be collaborative security effort and a holistic water-proof surveillance among by security operatives along the borders of both countries to checkmate the nefarious activities of legal and illegal aliens crossing the borders at will to commit violent crimes in Nigeria, the ambiguous role of ECOWAS protocol on free movement in west Africa should be reviewed to limit the movement of miscreants across borders amongst others.

This study generally looked into the challenges of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) in maintaining peace in the country. The study also looked into the challenges the mission faced from March 2007, when it was first deployed to Mogadishu, and August 2012, when Somalis elected a new federal government to replace the old existing transitional governments to date. It had further gone to scrutinize how the mission was perceived by the people of Somalia in relation to the political dimensions of the Federal Government of Somalia and as well what has been done and what has not been achieved by the AMISOM (African Mission in Somalia) in fulfilling its mandate of peacekeeping. The key aspects was the initial international political context in which the mission deployed; problems of internal coordination between the mission?s components; the lack of a reliable local partner with which to wage a counter-insurgency campaign; problems of strategic coordination among external partners; the nature of the enemy forces facing AMISOM, principally Al-Shabaab. AMISOM?s lack of relevant capabili¬ties and resources to perform its mandated tasks and the capacity of facilitating legiti¬mate and effective governance structures, especially as AMISOM began to deploy outside Mogadishu of late to begin liberating new frontiers in the South central regions. The study highlighted the role of Somalia factions, groups and clans in country?s problem. The general objectives of the research was to asses factors influencing regional intervention in Somalia and with specific objectives of the influence of stakeholder interest in on the regional intervention in Somalia, power competition among partner countries on regional intervention and evaluation of diverse goodwill on regional intervention in Somalia.. During the study, the researcher used descriptive statistics research design both in qualitative and quantitative. The target population of this study was the members AMISOM and UN mission in Somalia. In the study, 106 people were selected as a sample size using Slovene?s formula. The researcher collected data through questionnaire and finally processed and analyzed the study result using the statistical packages of social scientist (SPSS). The researcher found out that both stakeholder interest and power competition have strong positive relationship with the regional intervention and that if the interests are not consistent with the objectives, the resultant will be low performance. The study recommends that peacekeeping mission and relevant stakeholders develop clear priorities and work towards a central strategy. Towards the peace building and stabilization efforts in Somalia.

Designs ideas can be obtained from many sources of inspiration. Designers are often influenced by anything visual from nature to a fruit plate. Apparel designers are inspired by necessity the need to create fashion which called Form Follows Function .From this point of vie antibacterial treatment now is not a luxury anymore it became a necessity not only in the medical field but in all life parts. So in this study Antibacterial treatment has been done to cotton and viscose fabrics using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) which gives good antibacterial activity, followed by dyeing and /or printing. 5 designs from historical and folk inspiration using the (PEG) treated fabrics were adapted to make fashionable women dresses. The designs were analyzed from the aesthetic point of view.

This paper presents the precolonial Nandi marriage system and household relationships upto the colonial epoch. The study examined the indigenous Nandi family, polygamous Nandi household setup, extended family, the clan, incest, and sexual relationships, responsibilities and rights of household members. It also analyzed the relationships of production, reproduction and distribution, and an analysis of their built forms and settlement.

Improved agricultural technologies are found to be important in improving the well-being of rural households in Ethiopia. However, the adoption of these technologies is low in the country. Thus, identifying factors that influences farmers' decisions to adopt in their geographical and social contexts is pertinent. The study was undertaken in three purposefully selected rural Kebeles of Tarmaber Woreda namely Koso-ber, Yitam-na-kosta and Yizaba-na-woyin. Farm households categorized into worse-off/poor (41.5%), medium (52.2%) and better-off/rich (6.7%) based on such indicators as land size, livestock holdings (mainly oxen for plough), the number of times that a family feeds its members per day, housing conditions, land renting and/or sharecropping arrangement, household labour force availability, loan status, membership of cooperatives and ability to send children to school. Income loss, vulnerability to crop failure and asset depletion, alcoholism and social isolation are locally believed causes of poverty and extension input adoption. The survey result from cross-section sample of 125 farm households shows that educational status, availability of labour access to extension service, size of land holding, oxen possession, membership of cooperatives, and perceived distance of the market were found to be positive correlates of adoption of chemical fertilizers and improved seeds. The public services should reach poor households in remote area.

Much has been written about the putative virtues and vices of federal and unitary systems of government, but little experimental testing of the impact of such systems on the quality of governance has been conducted, The study was focused on the factors influencing the performance of federal Government of Somalia, a case study of Somali Federal Government, this time scope provides adequate information to the problem under investigation. The target populations of this study was120 include the elected leaders in various political fields. They included Members of Parliament of the Federal Government of Somalia, Community leaders, Youth leaders and Women leaders. The researcher used closed questionnaires. The researcher directly distributed questionnaires to the respondents. The sample size consisted of92 participants selected from the accessible population the Slovene's formula used to determine the minimum sample size. Data collected was analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The descriptive statistical tools were used to help in describing the data and determining the respondents? degree of agreement with the various statements under each factor. The data was analyzed and processed electronically using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS version 22) to analyze the factors influencing the performance of federal government of Somali. At the end of this study, the researcher is hopeful of coming up with recommendations that ensured peaceful coexistence of people in Somalia, while recognizing their diversity .it was found in this study clan interest table 4.5.3 shown the results researcher revealed that 79.7%percentage with the mean of 1.9% of the respondents mentioned that were agree that the main problem of Somalia the performance of federal government of Somali is clan interest. The study also revealed that an increase in clan interest and clan based federalism of Somalia positively affect the factors influence the performance of federal government of Somalia. The study recommends federalism was accomplishing the task of preserving natural unity through the distribution of powers and sovereignty between the central government and autonomous territorial entities operating within it. It ensured the peaceful coexistence of peoples, while recognizing their diversity and also to established formation fair division of natural resources between federal government and regional states.

The study sought to establish student teachers’ attitude toward computer in education influence on integration of computer technology into future teaching practices. The study was carried out in five public TTCs in the Rift Valley Province. The TTCs are five out of the 21 public and 41 private teacher colleges in Kenya. This study employed pragmatist theoretical perspective. The study established there was statistically significant influence of trainee teacher’s computer attitudes on integration of ICT. Trainee teachers who scored high on attitude towards computer use in education scored highly on intention to integrate ICT. Trainee teachers, who had a positive attitude towards ICT and its uses, had high intentions to integrate it in their teaching.

The aim of this paper is to adopt analytic-deductive method to examine some clues on the existence of the Supreme being in the beliefs and religion of the Ibani; the implication is that hasty generalization and superfluous assumptions, has led some scholars to maintain that the idea of the Supreme Being is of Western importation. Christianity and Ibani traditional philosophy play a major part in contributing to the debate, although the contribution of Christianity outweighs that of the traditional Ibani because Christianity has the epistemological advantage of supernatural revelation and also has the advantage of early documentation. Nevertheless, prior to Christianity, the raw materials for the philosophy of God were stored in oral tradition and highlighted by a highly evidenced and philosophical culture.

Despite the fact that men constitute a large portion of Nigerian media coverage, it appears that we know little about how they are represented in Nigerian newspapers especially by female writers/journalists. Most studies concerned with gender portrayal in Nigerian media tend to focus on how women are represented mainly by male writers/journalists (e.g. Odejide 1996, Daniel 2011, Adewoye et al 2014). This paper examines the many complex, subtle and contradictory patterns of linguistic representation of men in female-authored articles in Nigerian newspapers. It does so by employing methods of and insights from critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics tools to analyze 200 female-authored articles on gender and other related issues published in five Nigerian newspapers namely; The Guardian, Vanguard, The Punch, Daily Trust and New Nigerian from 1999 to 2014, a period that has witnessed an unprecedented surge in the wave of gendered discourses in Nigerian print news media. Using Lawrence Anthony’s AntConc version 3.4.3w concordance package, collocational profile of the node word MEN (and its singular variant) was extracted and investigated, and results obtained show that Nigerian female authors generally depict men as both the “problem” and the “answer.” This is evidenced by the prevalence of discourses that construct men as oppressors on one hand, and providers and leaders on the other. These contradictory patterns of representation are understood in this paper as examples of “textual heterogeneity” as exemplified by the range of different identities women have constructed for men. Moreover, these patterns of representations can also be seen as both reinforcing and resisting patriarchal social order existing in our society.

This article is an attempt to answer this question that; does globalization process increase the income levels a country like Iran? And the impacts of economic globalization on human development index and its levels? Output generated from data’s of Iran revealed a rise of income in national levels (GDP), so a relativity improvement in HDI and also in two indices viz, means education and health index. Whereas, per income index of Iran to had improvement in the past three decades, but in comparison to per revolution (1979) there was no improvement. So, this study explored the poverty and inequality hasn’t decreased to scale of considerable in Iran.