Electrical and Electronics

In this paper, a new algorithm for noise suppression schemes is applied to specific practical problem mainly the suppression of Binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) level of the modulated signal. This is a practical situation of modulation which is used in different transceivers schemes such as in Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) or other types of modulation techniques with standard microwave systems. The algorithm is well suited for a modular software radio concept, which we believe, will be more accepted in the future of wireless communication. Further modifications of the scheme necessary for these applications are described, and the results are presented to illustrate performance improvements. A general interpretation of this technique based on multiplying the transmitted data vectors by a generated amplitude matrix (AM) in the transmitter side, and the inverse of amplitude matrix (IAM) in the receiver side algorithm are introduced and discussed. The suggested scheme results are compared with the conventional modem through using BPSK type of modulation. Different gains are obtained from the proposed model relevant with the conventional system in AWGN and flat fading channel, according to the variation of the adjusted parameters.

This paper presents a new approach to differential protection for power transformer by using ANFIS approach. The proposed method was trained and tested with data obtained from PSCAD simulation of a power system under different operating conditions. The simulation results show that this algorithm is very good to recognize the various fault types in power transformers. Using the ANFIS approach, the accuracy and speed of operation of flux-current differential relaying scheme is significantly improved while compared with conventional current differential relaying scheme. The proposed method has an outstanding advantage that it can eliminate the load tap changer error meanwhile in operation and there by sensitivity of the relay is improved.

Indoor cellular network signal outages and poor reception occur in some indoor locations, as a result of building penetration loss; which accounts for increased attenuation of received signal strength of a cellular network signal when a mobile is moved from outdoor to indoor. Penetration loss is influenced by the type of building materials used in building construction and the building structure/orientation. In this study, the effect of building materials and structures on cellular network signal strength was investigated. A Sony Ericson mobile unit with TEMS software installed in it was used to collect data from two major cellular network service providers in Nigeria. The measurements were carried out outside and inside of four different of buildings types, namely; tiled building with concrete tiled roof, concrete building with corrugated galvanized roof, mud building with rusted corrugated roof and wooden building with rusted corrugated roof in order to ascertain the penetration loss in the selected buildings in Otuoke community of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The results reviewed that the average penetration loss for the tilled, concrete, mud and the wooden buildings are 13.0 dBm, 10.8 dBm, 9.57 dBm and 8.72 dBm respectively. It was observed that the tiled building with concrete tiled roof has the highest penetration loss in all the months considered, followed by the concrete wall building with corrugated galvanized iron roof, while the wooden wall building with rusted corrugated roof was having the lowest penetration loss. Information from this research will assist cellular network service providers in planning and management of their cellular networks signals in suburban environments having similar building types and pattern. This study will also be helpful to researchers and builders in their selection of building materials especially if good cellular network signal reception is significant.

This paper presents a method for achieving line loss minimization and voltage regulation in the given power system. In order to achieve these two objectives simultaneously, the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is used. UPFC can be used for load voltage regulation and total active power loss minimization in electric power systems at the same time. In this paper, the injection model of UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) is used to investigate its effects on bus voltages and loss reduction in a power system.

Present medical science very much depends on the medical images and medical imaging technology like MRI, CT, US, etc. Doctors are using these medical images for the anatomical structure study and for the treatment planning. But generally medical images are complex and noisy. This paper discuss about the segmentation and pre-processing which reduce the complexity of medical image analysis and eliminate noise and unwanted region without any loss of important information in the image. Region growing segmentation is considered for the segmentation and compared the performance with pre-processing.

This paper describes the sensor nodes and its hardware constraints. This paper throws light over the energy issues of the sensor nodes while transmitting and receiving data over the distances and effects of attenuation due to several environmental parameters. This paper also gives the comparative analysis of received power at different heights of transmitter antenna.

In wireless sensor network Localisation is described as a crucial service and energy demanding process in sensor network. GPS-equipped node where used for localisation process, in order to reduce the cost and increase the life time of the network, the mobile beacon localization is considered to eliminate GPS nodes. A localization error control scheme, namely "Spider Web", based on which the mobile beacon trajectories along a predefined spider web intersection path. The accuracy of the localization of nodes, time consumption of mobile beacon is efficient and localization error ratio is controlled. Based on the results, the spider web algorithm is efficient in localization accuracy and time, energy, consumption of mobile beacon, throughput and packet delivery ratio than Z-power algorithm.

The present age of information explosion is envisaging incredible development in both communication medium and hardware escalation. This, in turn is engendering a huge volume of digital signals in the form of images, videos, audio, and texts, which proves to be challenging in terms of storage and broadcast. Even though several breakthroughs in the price and performance of digital hardware and firmware have been put into practice, the demand for high data storage capacity and data-transmission bandwidth continues to outstrip the capabilities of available technologies. This research work proposes a novel method of classifying Natural images into different categories. From the results, it is concluded that classification of Natural images on the basis of various parameters can provide a better reference for application developers and will prove as boon to Digital India project in terms of search engine application.

Abstract —to support higher data rate optical networks play a vital role. The high bandwidth potential of optical fiber can be explored by exploiting multiplexing techniques like wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and Optical time division multiplexing techniques (OTDM).This paper evaluates the performance of 8 channel WDM and OTDM passive optical network (PON) for 150 km using PIN and APD(avalanche photodiode) receivers. It is found that WDM passive optical network (PON) yields better performance. Hence, it is further investigated for different data rates and modulation formats. It is found that RZ modulation format provides better Max quality factor (Q) than NRZ modulation format up to a distance of 100km.Beyond 100km the Max quality(Q) factor decreases due to dispersion and nonlinearities. The current access networks and next generation passive optical networks (NG PON) has also been reviewed.

In this proposed work a new technique has been developed for reducing total harmonic distortion using THREE PHASE HARMONIC FILTER and PHASE LOOK LOOP (PLL) technique in HVDC system .This work model implemented in simulation work. Harmonic filter are shunt elements that are used in power systems for decreasing voltage distortion and for power factor correction .Nonlinear elements such as power electronic converters generate harmonic currents or harmonics voltages which are injected into power system. The resulting distorted currents flowing through system impedance produce harmonic voltage distortion. Harmonic filters reduce distortion by diverting harmonic currents in low impedance paths. Harmonic filters are designed to be capacitive at fundamental frequency, so that they are also used for producing reactive power required by converters and for power factor correction. Phase Lock Loop technique is used for harmonic reduction of the system and improving power quality of the hole system. Phase Lock Loop is synthesize the new frequency. In this system reactive power compensation is doing by the two types of compensation devices are shunt compensation and series compensation.